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Naeem Afifa,Freed Shoaib,Akmal Muhammad 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.5
Asiatic citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri, Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) is an economic pest of citrus groves and a vector of the bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter spp., one of the causative agents of citrus greening. In order to estimate the infectivity of six different isolates of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Isaria fumosorosea, fungal bioassay was performed on the adults of D. citri. Adults of D. citri were treated individually with 1 × 105 , 1 × 106 , 1 × 107 , 1 × 108 , 2 × 108 spores/mL fungal concentrations by the immersion method. Subsequent to fungal bioassay, treated D. citri were used to determine the levels of esterase and glutathione S‐transferases (GST) enzymes over a period of 3–7 days. The mortality results suggest that I. fumosorosea isolates (If‐02) caused 82.2% mortality on the seventh day of treatment. However, B. bassiana isolate (Bb‐08) with lowest LC50 (1.4 × 107 spores/mL) proved to be highest potential isolate against D. citri. Biochemical determination of esterase and GST activity assay showed significant differences in activities after infection of fungi. Significantly high activity of esterase was observed by Bb‐01 (27.0 unit per mg protein) on the seventh day, while Ma‐11.1 and If‐2.3 (16.9 and 36.3 unit per mg protein) on the third day post treatment. However, maximum GST's activity was showen by isolates Bb‐08,Ma‐M2 and If‐2.3 (37.6, 1.40 and 10.9 unit per mg protein) on the third day. The current investigation will help to explore the relations between the insect defense system and entomopathogenic fungi. Moreover, the determination of enzymatic activities will be useful for selecting the most pathogenic isolates.
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Ahmed Rizwan,Freed Shoaib,Naeem Afifa,Akmal Muhammad 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2
Outbreaks of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, in Pakistan are considered a very serious threat to the date industry, owing to the sudden death of date palm trees. Current integrated management strategy largely depends on insecticides, with negative impacts on the environment. Integration of bio-control strategies incorporating entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) may provide an ecologically safe alternative. In the current study the effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin against R. ferrugineus was investigated using the immersion method and the effects of this fungus on biological parameters of R. ferrugineus were estimated by age-stage, twosex life table software. After treatment with M. anisopliae isolate (Ma-M 2 ), lethal concentration (LC 50 ) 1.2 × 10 6 spores/mL was determined against R. ferrugineus 3rd instar grubs. M. anisopliae infected grubs showed reduced net reproductive rate R o (75.55) and mean generation time T (113.886 days) and intrinsic rate of increase r (0.03797) compared to the untreated group. Also, adult longevity of males and females were significantly reduced in the M. anisopliae-infected group (F 1 ) as compared to the untreated group. Trans-generational studies revealed that grubs stage duration (69.34 days) and fecundity (181.32 eggs) of the M. anisopliae-infected group (F 1 ) were decreased compared to the untreated group. The use of lasting and adverse effects on the biological parameters of R. ferrugineus, indicate that treatment with EPF may provide an eco-friendly management strategy for this pest.
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Ahmed Rizwan,Freed Shoaib,Naeem Afifa,Akmal Muhammad 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.3
Outbreaks of red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, in Pakistan are considered a very serious threat to the date industry, owing to the sudden death of date palm trees. Current integrated management strategy largely depends on insecticides, with negative impacts on the environment. Integration of bio-control strategies incorporating entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) may provide an ecologically safe alternative. In the current study the effectiveness of Metarhizium anisopliae Sorokin against R. ferrugineus was investigated using the immersion method and the effects of this fungus on biological parameters of R. ferrugineus were estimated by age-stage, twosex life table software. After treatment with M. anisopliae isolate (Ma-M 2 ), lethal concentration (LC 50 ) 1.2 × 10 6 spores/mL was determined against R. ferrugineus 3rd instar grubs. M. anisopliae infected grubs showed reduced net reproductive rate R o (75.55) and mean generation time T (113.886 days) and intrinsic rate of increase r (0.03797) compared to the untreated group. Also, adult longevity of males and females were significantly reduced in the M. anisopliae-infected group (F 1 ) as compared to the untreated group. Trans-generational studies revealed that grubs stage duration (69.34 days) and fecundity (181.32 eggs) of the M. anisopliae-infected group (F 1 ) were decreased compared to the untreated group. The use of lasting and adverse effects on the biological parameters of R. ferrugineus, indicate that treatment with EPF may provide an eco-friendly management strategy for this pest.
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