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Muhammad Noorullah,Amina Zuberi,Muhib Zaman,Waqar Younas,Sadam Hussain,Muhammad Kamran The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2023 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.26 No.12
Genetic diversity serves as the basis for selecting and genetically enhancing any culturable species in aquaculture. Here, two different strains of wild (River Ravi and River Kabul) and six captive-bred strains of Labeo rohita from various provinces were se- lected, and genetic diversity among them was evaluated using three different microsatellite markers, i.e., Lr-28, Lr-29, and Lr-37, and one mitochondrial CO1 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) gene. Different strains of L. rohita were collected, and part of their caudal fin was cut and preserved in ethanol for DNA extraction and determination of genetic diversity among them. Results in- dicated that selected markers were polymorphic with polymorphic information content (PIC) content values above 0.5 with the highest in Lr-28 followed by Lr-29 and then Lr-37. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) of all strains was higher (Avg: 0.731) but less than the expected heterozygosity (He). Moreover, TMs and WRs showed the highest He, while TKs showed the lowest, He. Over- all, inbreeding coefficient (FIS) values observed for all strains with selected markers were positive. The DNA barcoding with the CO1 gene revealed genetic variation among various strains, as demonstrated by the clades in the phylogenetic tree separating the strains into two distinct clusters that then divided into sub-clusters. In conclusion, TMs showed the highest heterozygosity as compared to other strains. Overall results provide the baseline data for the initiation of the genetic improvement program.
Muhammad Ayaz,Amir Muhammad,Mohammad Younas,Asim Laeeq Khan,Mashallah Rezakazemi 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.6
In the current study, polysulfone (PSF) membranes incorporated with nano alumina (Al2O3) were synthesized by a phase inversion method to improve the efficiency of the PSF membrane for wastewater treatment. Dimethylformamide was used as solvent while polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a pore former. Different concentrations of nanoparticles of Al2O3 were used in the casting solution to get an optimum condition for the highest water flux. Cross section morphology of the membranes was investigated through scanning electron microscope. Membranes were characterized by pure water flux, permeability, hydrophilicity, porosity, and retention of Cu(II). All the mixed matrix nanocomposite membranes showed higher water flux than the nascent PSF membrane due to their increased porosity and hydrophilicity with the addition of nano alumina. Cu(II) rejection was also enriched by composite membranes due to a high number of adsorption sites on membranes surface as a result of better hydrophilicity and dispersion of nano alumina. The membrane with 0.1 wt% nano Al2O3showed the best performance in terms of water flux (32.60 L·m-2·h-1) and significant Cu(II) removal (61.95%) compared to other membranes after continuous treatment of 150 min. The reusability test of the PAl0.1 membrane confirmed the durability of the composite membranes after several cycles using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a regenerator.
A Framework for Agile Development in Cloud Computing Environment
( Muhammad Younas ),( Imran Ghani ),( Dayang N. A. Jawawi ),( Muhammad Murad Khan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.17 No.5
Distributed agile software development faces difficulties for instance lack of visibility across development and delivery processes, complex and disjointed development processes, inability to capitalize on business opportunities, lack of communication agility between disconnected owners, development teams, and users or clients. However these difficulties are solved with the help of cloud computing services. This study proposes a framework to provide a skeletal or structural environment for distributed agile software development in cloud computing environment. The framework guide towards the best tooling to deliver a consistent, automated, governed, and unified agile software development process with reduced technical debt, and minimized project backlog. In addition to this, the study highlights the benefits of cloud computing in agile software development.
An Artificial Intelligence Approach for Word Semantic Similarity Measure of Hindi Language
( Farah Younas ),( Jumana Nadir ),( Muhammad Usman ),( Muhammad Attique Khan ),( Sajid Ali Khan ),( Seifedine Kadry ),( Yunyoung Nam ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.6
AI combined with NLP techniques has promoted the use of Virtual Assistants and have made people rely on them for many diverse uses. Conversational Agents are the most promising technique that assists computer users through their operation. An important challenge in developing Conversational Agents globally is transferring the groundbreaking expertise obtained in English to other languages. AI is making it possible to transfer this learning. There is a dire need to develop systems that understand secular languages. One such difficult language is Hindi, which is the fourth most spoken language in the world. Semantic similarity is an important part of Natural Language Processing, which involves applications such as ontology learning and information extraction, for developing conversational agents. Most of the research is concentrated on English and other European languages. This paper presents a Corpus-based word semantic similarity measure for Hindi. An experiment involving the translation of the English benchmark dataset to Hindi is performed, investigating the incorporation of the corpus, with human and machine similarity ratings. A significant correlation to the human intuition and the algorithm ratings has been calculated for analyzing the accuracy of the proposed similarity measures. The method can be adapted in various applications of word semantic similarity or module for any other language.
Effect of Pregnancy on Lactation Milk Value in Dairy Buffaloes
Khan, Sarzamin,Qureshi, Muhammad Subhan,Ahmad, Nazir,Amjed, Muhammad,Durrani, Fazali Raziq,Younas, Muhammad Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.4
Buffalo are a major source of milk production, contributing 12.1% in the World and 38.0% in Asia. The buffaloes are kept under peri-urban farming systems to produce milk for urban populations. Breeding is delayed in these herds to get more economic benefit because farmers believe that the pregnancy decreases milk production. The lactation milk value has been studied in this paper as an economic indicator. Complete milk yield records of 3,304 buffaloes was collected from a group of state farms. Economic traits including lactation yield, lactation length, calving interval (CI), dry period and milk yield per day of calving interval (MYPDCI) were derived from the data. The animals were grouped according to parity number (1-3), service period (G1 to G4, conceiving during <150, 150-200, 200-300 and >300 days post calving) and yield levels (HMY>2,500; MMY 2,001-2,500; and LMY 1,500-2,000 liters/ lactation). To study the effect of pregnancy on milk composition a research trial was conducted at a medium size private dairy farm, using forty lactating buffaloes of three yield levels and four service period groups, as described already. Milk was sampled on alternate weeks and analyzed for fat and protein contents (%). For quantifying the value of milk produced during a lactation period, the value corrected milk (VCM) was determined and converted to lactation milk value (LMV). Group means were compared for varicous parameters. Highest milk yield ($2,836.50{\pm}15.68$ liters/lactation) was recorded in the HMY animals of G4 group while lowest milk yield of $1,657.04{\pm}8.34$ liters/lactation was found in LMY of G1. Lactation was significantly increased with the extending of service period. The shortest dry period was recorded in HMY, parity 1, G1 animals and the longest in parity 2, MMY, G4.The CI was shortest in HMY, parity 1, and G1 animals and longest in LMY, parity 3, G4 buffaloes. The HMY, parity 2, G1 buffaloes showed the highest MYPDCI and the lowest value was recorded ($6.53{\pm}0.17$ vs. $2.76{\pm}0.04$ liter/day) for LMY, parity 1, G4 buffaloes. The VCM decreased with the delayed conception. This decreasing trend was higher in respect of the total yield but decrease in the VCM was smaller due to the increasing levels of fat and protein in the milk. The gap between the various production classes was reduced based on the VCM as compared with the yield per day of CI. LMV showed a consistent decline with extending service period in all three production groups. The study suggests that CI increased with delayed conception, showing a consistent trend in the low, moderate and high yielding buffaloes. There was a coherent declining pattern of milk yield with delaying conception, associated with prolonged CI. An animal conceiving at a later stage of lactation showed a decline in financial returns of 24 to 27% compared with those conceiving earlier.