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Muhammad Asif,Usman Ghani,Ghufran Ahmed Pasha 대한토목학회 2020 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.24 No.12
Vegetation is an important component of rivers, present naturally alongside the banks. In this research study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code ANSYS FLUENT was used to solve the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and to simulate flow features in an asymmetric vegetated compound channel. Three-dimensional flow characteristicsand turbulence properties were captured well by the Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSM). A total of five flow cases were considered in this work. Among these, four cases were of circular vegetation patches present on the floodplain edge and one was of non-vegetated asymmetric trapezoidal compound channel. Impact of vegetation patch density, patch center to center (c/c) spacing and flow blockage area has been investigated on various flow features and compared with flow characteristics in a channel without vegetation. Flow features include mean and depth-averaged velocities, secondary flows, Reynolds shear and normal stresses, turbulence intensities and turbulent kinetic energy. The results show that the presence of vegetation patches along the floodplain imparted flow resistance which shifted the zone of higher velocities towards outer wall of main channel and floodplain. Increased velocities in the main channel up to 24.8% was observed for larger flow blockage (aD, where a is the density of the vegetation patch and D is the diameter of patch) and smaller normalized c/c spacing (L/D, where L is the c/c spacing between two patches and D is the diameter of patch) of patches. Large transverse shear stresses existed around the vegetated zone due to the gradient of velocities and vortices in the main channel and floodplain. Floodplain, especially vegetated zone acquires less Reynolds stresses and turbulence making it favorable for deposition of sediments and growth of ecological species.
Video Retrieval System for Meniscal Surgery to Improve Health Care Services
Amanat, Sana,Idrees, Muhammad,Khan, Muhammad Usman Ghani,Rehman, Zahoor,Chang, Hangbae,Mehmood, Irfan,Baik, Sung Wook Hindawi Limited 2018 Journal of sensors Vol.2018 No.-
<P>Meniscal surgery is considered the most general orthopedic process that deals with the treatment of meniscus tears for human health care. It leads to a communal contusion to the cartilage that stabilizes and cushions the knee joints of human beings. Such tears can be classified into different categories based on age group, region, and occupation. Further, a large number of sportsmen and heavy weightlifters even in developed countries are affected by meniscus injuries. These patients are subjected to arthroscopic surgery, and during surgical treatment, the perseverance of meniscus is a very crucial task. Current research provides a significant ratio of meniscal tear patients around the globe, the critical expanse is considered as having strikingly risen with a mean annual of 0.066% due to surgery failure. To decumbent this ratio, an innovative training mechanism is proposed through video retrieval system in this research. This research work is focussed on developing a corpus and video retrieval system for meniscus surgery. Using the proposed system, surgeons can access guidance by watching the videos of surgeries performed by an expert and their seniors. The proposed system is comprised of four approaches to the spatiotemporal methodology to improve health care services. It entails key point, statistical modeling, PCA-scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), and PCA-Gaussian mixture model (GMM) with a combination of sparse-optical flow. The real meniscal surgery dataset is used for testing purposes and evaluation. The results conclude that using PCA-SIFT approach improves the results with an average precision of 0.78.</P>