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Effects of elastic medium on buckling of microtubules due to bending and torsion
Taj, Muhammad,Hussain, Muzamal,Afsar, Muhammad A.,Safeer, Muhammad,Ahmad, Manzoor,Naeem, Muhammad N.,Badshah, Noor,Khan, Arshad,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.9 No.5
Microtubules buckle under bending and torsion and this property has been studied for free microtubules before using orthotropic elastic shell model. But as microtubules are embedded in other elastic filaments and it is experimentally showed that these elastic filaments affect the critical buckling moment and critical buckling torque of the microtubules. To prove that, we developed orthotropic Winkler like model and demonstrated that the critical buckling moment and critical buckling torque of the microtubules are orders of higher magnitude than those found for free microtubules. Our results show that Critical buckling moment is about 6.04 nNnm for which the corresponding curvature is about θ = 1.33 rad /㎛ for embedded MTs, and critical buckling torque is 0.9 nNnm for the angle of 1.33 rad/㎛. Our results well proved the experimental findings.
Buckling behavior of intermediate filaments based on Euler Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories
Muhammad Taj,Muzamal Hussain,Mohamed A. Khadimallah,Muhammad Safeer,S.R. Mahmoud,Zafer Iqbal,Mohamed R. Ali,Aqib Majeed,Abdelouahed Tounsi,Manzoor Ahmad Techno-Press 2023 Advances in concrete construction Vol.15 No.3
Cytoskeleton components play key role in maintaining cell structure and in giving shape to the cell. These components include microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Among these filaments intermediate filaments are the most rigid and bear large compressive force. Actually, these filaments are surrounded by other filaments like microtubules and microfilaments. This network of filaments makes a layer as a surface on intermediate filaments that have great impact on buckling behavior of intermediate filaments. In the present article, buckling behavior of intermediate filaments is studied by taking into account the effects of surface by using Euler Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories. It is found that effects of surface greatly affect the critical buckling force of intermediate filaments. Further, it is observed that the critical buckling force is inversely proportional to the length of filament. Such types of observations are helpful for further analysis of nanofibrous in their actual environments within the cell.
Non-local orthotropic elastic shell model for vibration analysis of protein microtubules
Muhammad Taj,Afnan Majeed,Muzamal Hussain,Muhammad N. Naeem,Muhammad Safeer,Manzoor Ahmad,Hidayat Ullah Khan,Abdelouahed Tounsi 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2020 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.25 No.3
Vibrational analysis in microtubules is examined based on the nonlocal theory of elasticity. The complete analytical formulas for wave velocity are obtained and the results reveal that the small scale effects can reduce the frequency, especially for large longitudinal wave-vector and large circumferential wave number. It is seen that the small scale effects are more significant for smaller wave length. The methods and results may also support the design and application of nano devices such as micro sound generator etc. The effects of small scale parameters can increase vibrational frequencies of the protein microtubules and cannot be overlooked in the analysis of vibrating phenomena. The results for different modes with nonlocal effect are checked.
Muhammad Taj,Muhammad Safeer,Muzamal Hussain,Muhammad N. Naeem,Manzoor Ahmad,Kamran Abbas,Abdul Q. Khan,Abdelouahed Tounsi 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2020 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.25 No.3
Cytoskeleton components in living cell bear large compressive force and are responsible in maintaining the cell shape. Actually these filaments are surrounded by viscoelastic media within the cell. This surrounding, viscoelastic media affects the buckling behavior of these filaments when external force is applied on these filaments by exerting continuous pressure in opposite directions to the incipient buckling of the filaments. In this article a mechanical model is applied to account the effects of this media on the buckling behavior of intermediate filaments network of cytoskeleton. The model immeasurably associates; filament’s bending rigidity, adjacent system elasticity, and cytosol viscosity with buckling wavelength, buckling growth rate and buckling amplitude of the filaments.
Bending behavior of microfilaments in living cell with nonlocal effects
Muhammad Safeer,Muhammad Taj,Mohamed A. Khadimallah,Muzamal Hussain,Saima Akram,Faisal Mehmood Butt,Abdelouahed Tounsi Techno-Press 2023 Advances in nano research Vol.15 No.1
Dynamics of protein filamentous has been an active area of research since the last few decades as the role of cytoskeletal components, microtubules, intermediate filaments and microfilaments is very important in cell functions. During cell functions, these components undergo the deformations like bending, buckling and vibrations. In the present paper, bending and buckling of microfilaments are studied by using Euler Bernoulli beam theory with nonlocal parametric effects in conjunction. The obtained results show that the nonlocal parametric effects are not ignorable and the applications of nonlocal parameters well agree with the experimental verifications.
Instability analysis of microfilaments with and without surface effects using Euler theory
Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Hussain, Muzamal,Mahmood, Shaid,Safeer, Muhammad,Rashid, Yahya,Ahmad, Manzoor,Naeem, M. Nawaz,Asghar, Sehar,Ponnore, Joffin,Al Qahtani, Abdelaziz,Mahmoud, S.R.,Al Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.6
The study of cell components has been an active area of research since the last few decades. Cytoskeleton of the cell which gives shape and provides structure to the cell has three main components, microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments. Each of the cytoskeletal components is surrounded by various filamentous or the other cytoskeletal components act as a surface layer on these filaments. The stability of these components affected when cell perform various functions in the body and as a result these filaments buckle, vibrate and bend. In the present study the buckling behavior of microfilament is discussed with the effects of surface by using Euler Bernoulli beam theory and the obtained results for free and surrounded microfilament are shown in the tables and figures.
Thermal stress effects on microtubules based on orthotropic model: Vibrational analysis
Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Hussain, Muzamal,Fareed, Khurram,Safeer, Muhammad,Khedher, Khaled Mohamed,Ahmad, Manzoor,Naeem, M. Nawaz,Qazaq, Amjad,Qahtani, Abdelaziz Al,Mahmoud, S.R.,Alwabli, Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.11 No.3
Vibration of protein microtubules is investigated based upon Orthotropic Elastic Shell Model, considering the effect of thermal stresses. The complete analytical formulas of thermal vibration for microtubules are obtained. It is observed that the effects of thermal stresses on the vibrational frequency mode are more significant when the longitudinal and circumferential wave vectors are large enough. But when the length of wave vector reduces to 5 nm, these effects have no significant effects. The present results well agree with the lattice vibrations of microtubules. Moreover, the results show that the effects of thermal stresses due to small change in temperature are not so significant but with the increase in temperature its effects are obvious.
Confinement effectiveness of Timoshenko and Euler Bernoulli theories on buckling of microfilaments
Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Hussain, Muzamal,Mahmood, Shaid,Safeer, Muhammad,Al Naim, Abdullah F.,Ahmad, Manzoor Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.11 No.1
Rice Husk Ash (RHA) geopolymer paste activated by sodium aluminate were characterized by X-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersion X-Ray analysis (EDAX)and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Five series of RHA geopolymer specimens were prepared by varying the Si/Al ratio as 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5. The paper focuses on the correlation of microstructure with hardened state parameters like bulk density, apparent porosity, sorptivity, water absorption and compressive strength. XRD analysis peaks indicates quartz, cristobalite and gibbsite for raw RHA and new peaks corresponding to Zeolite A in geopolymer specimens. In general, SEM micrographs show interconnected pores and loosely packed geopolymer matrix except for specimens made with Si/Al of 2.0 which exhibited comparatively better matrix. Incorporation of Al from sodium aluminate were confirmed with the stretching and bending vibration of Si-O-Si and O-Si-O observations from the FTIR analysis of geopolymer specimen. The dense microstructure of SA2.0 correlate into better performance in terms of 28 days maximum compressive strength of 16.96 MPa and minimum for porosity, absorption and sorptivity among the specimens. However, due to the higher water demand to make the paste workable, the value of porosity, absorption and sorptivity were reportedly higher as compared with other geopolymer systems. Correlation regression equations were proposed to validate the interrelation between physical parameters and mechanical strength. RHA geopolymer shows comparatively lower compressive strength as compared to Fly ash geopolymer.
Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed A.,Hussain, Muzamal,Elbahar, Mohamed,Safeer, Muhammad,Asghar, Sehar,Mujalli, Mohammed,Qazaq, Amjad,Ahmad, Monzoor,Elaloui, Elimame,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.6
An isotropic Pasternak-Like model is considered to elaborate the behavior of electric potential of neural tissue when immersed within elastic medium. Special attention is paid to the non dimensionlization of the parameters of the surrounding elastic medium. We found that shear layer potential per unit area and is the Winkler foundation-like constant, are two constants of Pasternak-like model and they actually effect on the potential of neural tissue. It is found that elastic medium affects the potential behavior of neural tissue. Elastic medium effect on the potential behavior of neural tissue is due to the Pasternak foundation parameters. Therefore the surrounding medium affects the potential of neural tissue during its transportation of functioning.
Mechanics of anisotropic cardiac muscles embedded in viscoelastic medium
Taj, Muhammad,Khadimallah, Mohamed Amine,Hussain, Muzamal,Ghandourah, E.,Safeer, Muhammad,Elbahar, Mohamed,Khan, Manzoor,Elimame, Elaloui Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.12 No.1
In the present work the author incorporated the surrounding medium with Hodgkin Huxley model to account the effect of surroundings on the flow of current in cardiac muscles fibers. The Hodgkin Huxley Kelvin like model is developed here and then the governing equations are solved by appropriate mathematical methods and the obtained results are compared with the previous experimental findings. Through obtained solutions, we check the mechanical properties in actual environment of cardiac muscles fibres and compare our findings with experimental results. Previous Hodgkin Huxley model did not give any idea about the medium, in which the cardiac muscles are immersed. The new developed model accounts the effect of medium efficiently on the current flow along with fiber's stimulation in cardiac muscles.