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Enhancing Software Reusability through Value Based Software Repository
Muhammad Zahid Khan,M. N. A. Khan 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Software Engineering and Vol.8 No.11
Profitability is prime goal of every software organization. In the recent years, software development paradigm has vastly changed due to rapidly changing business requirements. Now customers demand for their desired products to be delivered in a minimal timeframe. To cater for these demands, different rapid development techniques termed as agile development and reusability phenomena are introduced in the software industry. With the help of reusable components, developing and deploying software products can be much easier and economical. Such approaches can help save cost and working hours so that the developing company can utilize its scare resources on other projects. But achieving accurate and precise reusability is not a piece of cake because along with economical and time saving benefits it comes with some shortcomings, such as it can increase the system complexity, can harm the architecture, degrade quality of the system etc. A proper storage facility of reusable components is required where an organization can save its important data and retrieve it when required. A wide range of standard repositories are used in various organizations for this purpose where important data is stored and retrieved. But in reality, every repository contains huge volumes of data and mostly no proper business standards of storing mechanism are applied. Though there are some repository maintaining software available in the market, but they only provide mechanism for storing artifacts. Maintaining the huge data volumes necessitates providing ample search assistance and putting in place precise reusable components suggestion procedure; therefore, researchers have to sift through loads of volumes of data within the repository for locating the intended component. In this paper, we discuss a novel concept of Central Value Based Software Repository (CBVSR). The proposed approach can assist users in finding the more appropriate artifact as it provides the best possible match against the user query. Proper standards have been followed in storing, deleting, amending and discarding data from the CBVSR. Data quality, security and integrity have been taken care of and indexing, tagging and classification are performed to provide technical assistance to developers.
Risk Factors Associated with Thyroid Carcinoma in North Pakistan
Khan, Muhammad Aleem,Khan, Kamran Hakeem,Shah, Sajid Ali,Mir, Kahkashan Ali,Khattak, Mubarik,Shahzad, Muhammad Faheem Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.1
Background: Epidemiological data on thyroid cancer and associated risk factors are scarce in our setting. The present study was therefore designed to gather data which could be helpful in providing insights to thyroid physicians and surgeons for better management of affected patients. Purpose: To determine the frequency of carcinoma thyroid among patients presenting with goiter and its association with TSH, Tg/ATg and other demographic factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 73 adult patients of either gender with solitary solid cold nodules and/or multi-ndoular goiter (MNG) with predominant solid cold nodules were enrolled. All surgically resected samples were sent for histopathology. The frequency of thyroid cancer and its subtypes was noted and tested for association with gender, age (< or ${\geq}40years$), recent increase in swelling size, TSH, Tg and ATg. Results: Thyroid cancer was diagnosed in 26% (n=19) of the patients, 14 (73.7%) being diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer and 5 (26.3%) with follicular thyroid cancer. No other subtypes were noted. Presence of thyroid cancer was significantly associated with recent increase in swelling size and higher TSH Values mean TSH values (P<0.05). No significant association was found with gender, age, Tg and ATg values (P>0.05). Conclusions: Overall percentage of thyroid cancer in our study sample was found to be 26%, with a predominance of papillary over follicular lesions. Rates were significantly higher in patients who had history of recent increase in swelling size and higher and higher pre-surgery TSH values.
Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan,Abid Aslam Maan,Rana Muhammad Aadil,Akmal Nazir,Masood Sadiq Butt,Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid,Muhammad Inam Afzal 한국식품과학회 2020 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.29 No.4
Onion and ginger are rich sources of bioactive compounds which are lost during conventional drying process. The present study was designed to optimize the novel Microwave Assisted Drying and Extraction technique (MADE) for simultaneous drying and extraction/recovery of bioactive compounds from model food products. The time required for drying of samples was 11 (onion) and 16 (ginger) minutes with recovery yield of 87% (onion) and 85% (ginger). The drying time was reduced to 100 times compared to hot air drying and moisture ratio of dried samples was best described by Midilli model. The diffusivities of onion and ginger slices were 1.27 e-11 and 1.43 e-11 m2/s, respectively. Moreover, microwave-based extraction was compared with conventional one. The results of antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents of condensates obtained through MADE were higher compared to conventional method. In short, MADE exhibited better yield of extraction and drying properties compared to conventional methods.
Muhammad Imran KHAN,Muhammad Zubair KHAN,Jin Hyuk SHIN,Tae Sang HAN,Jong Deog KIM 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4
Alzheimer disease (AD) is neurodegenerative disorder and principal type of dementia. Formation of extracellular senile plaques and cytoplasmic neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain due to the abnormal production and aggregation of amyloid beta (Aß)and tau proteins are the major molecular cause of AD. Paired helical filaments (PHF) are formed due to hyperphosphorylation of tau leads to formation of NFT which accumulate and aggregates causing pathological conditions and eventually cause neuronal death. Tau phospohorylation is controlled by several genes and proteins. Several kinesis such as GSK3 beta, CDK5 and CAMII, etc are involved in phosporylation of tau and phasphateses such as PH1A, PH1B etc are involved in dephosphorylation of tau, the imbalance of which leads to hyperphosphorylation and finally NFT. In this study we elucidate the effects of theasponin E1 on the activities andgene’s expression level of kinases and phasphateses involved in the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of tau. The therapeutic neuroprotective effects of green tea seed isolated theasaponin E1 was examine using SHY-5Y cell lines. Effect of thaesaponin E1 on the expression level of tau generating and phosphorylation promoting genes were investigated by RT- PCR,ELISA and western blotting. Cells were cultured in EMEM media supplemented with 10% FBS in 6-well plate and incubated at 37°C in a CO2 incubator. Cells were treated with different concentrations of E1andwere processed for checking the enzymatic activities, RNA and proteins extraction. Our results demonstrated that theasaponin E1 significantly reduced Aβ concentration and tau hyperphosphorylation in dose-dependent manner by suppressing expression level of GSK3 β,CDK5, CAMII, MAPK, EPOE4(E4),PICALM . E1 also enhance expression level of PH-1A and TREM2 etc. However, the inhibitory and gene suppressive effects were comparatively lower in case of IL-1ß and BIN1.ELISA and western blotting results shown reduction in APP and Aß and p-tau. The overall results revealed that E1 significantly reduce Aβ and p-tau level hence possesses neuroprotective effects.
Muhammad Imran KHAN,Muhammad Zubair KHAN,Jin Hyuk SHIN,Ye Won SHIM,Seong Whan CHO,Tia Sun SHIN,Min Yong KIM,Jong Deog KIM 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
In present study we investigated the in vitro and in vivo anti-bacterial activities of saponins from green tea seed. Green tea seeds were crude extract was prepared in 70% ethanol by continuous reflux in heating mantel for 5 hours. Green tea seeds saponins mixture contained various saponins were extracted from the crude ethanolic extract of green tea seed via column chromatography using macropourus resin (D101). Two fractions of saponins i.e., Fr1 and Fr2 our isolated from saponins mixture by Preparative HPLC. Antibacterial activities of the saponin mixture and isolated fractions were investigated against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25923) and six servers of Salmonella. in vitro antibacterial activities were determined by disc diffusion method and growth inhibition in liquid culture using 96-well plate. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were measured of the saponins mixture and fractions against each bacteria strain. The results shown that the green tea extracted saponins mixture and isolated fraction possesses antibacterial effects. Growth inhibition of various bacteria was observed in dose dependent manner. Five weeks grown chicken were used for in vivo antibacterial activities divided in three groups as control, infected and treatment group. The qRT- PCR analysis of the blood and feces samples of the different groups animals shown the presence of bacteria in the infected group while reduced expression levels of the bacterial gens were found for the samples of treatment group while no bacteria were found in the samples of control group as these animals were not infected with bacteria and used as reference.
Khan, Muhammad Aaqil,Hamayun, Muhammad,Iqbal, Amjad,Khan, Sumera Afzal,Hussain, Anwar,Asaf, Sajjad,Khan, Abdul Latif,Yun, Byung-Wook,Lee, In-Jung Portland Press Ltd. 2018 Biochemical journal Vol.475 No.18
<P>Flooding is an abiotic stress that creates hypoxic conditions triggered by redox potential leading to restricted growth and grain yield in plants. In the current study, we have investigated the effect of exogenous gibberellins (GA(4+7)) on soybean under flooding stress. A regulatory role of GAs on biochemical changes in soybean plants [including chlorophyll contents, endogenous bioactive GA(1) and GA(4), endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA)] has been elucidated after 3 and 6 h of flooding stress. The modulation of stress-related bio-chemicals and their genetic determinants [for instance, ABA (Timing of CAB expression1-TOC1, ABA-receptor-ABAR) and NO (S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-GSNOR1, NO overproducer1-NOX, and nitrite reductase-NR)] in response to short-term flooding stress were also explored. The current study showed that exogenous GAs rescued chlorophyll contents, enhanced endogenous bioactive GA(1) and GA(4) levels, endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and checked the rate of ABA biosynthesis under short-term flooding. The exo-GAs induced the glutathione activity and reduced the resulting superoxide anion contents during short-term flooding in Pungsannamul soybean. Exo-GAs also triggered the endogenous S-nitrosothiols (precursor for increased NO production) that have been decreased over the time. Moreover, the exo-GAs could impinge a variety of biochemical and transcriptional programs that are ameliorative to plant growth during short-term flooding stress. The presence of GA(1) and GA(4) also confirms the presence of both C13-hydroxylation pathway and non-C13-hydroxylation pathway in soybean, respectively.</P>