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Information-centric Edge Computing: A Survey
Muhammad Imran,Muhammad Atif Ur Rehman,Byung-Seo Kim 대한전자공학회 2021 IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing & Computing Vol.10 No.3
Edge Computing (EC) and Named Data Networking (NDN) are two emerging technologies that are considered as the most representative technologies for the future Internet. NDN directly forwards an application layer name in the network layer, mitigating the requirements of an individual and complex network addressing schemes for devices. The intermediate nodes and/or routers in NDN architecture cache the content inside their memory according to the caching policy to fulfill similar requests in the future within a short time. EC, on the other hand, offers computation, software services, data, and storage that are close to end-users compared to cloud computing, which results in lower delay and high speed of task execution. In the 5G communication scenarios and beyond, ultra-low latency, efficient mobility management, and security are fundamental requirements. Thus, the synergy of NDN with EC appears as a promising candidate and has attracted extensive attention from academia in the recent past. Therefore, in this survey paper, we discuss various techniques that integrate EC with Information Centric Networking (ICN)/NDN and fulfill the aforementioned requirements. We also shed light on the limitations and open research challenges in the field of NDN and EC for the research community.
Characterization and Comparative Evaluation of Milk Protein Variants from Pakistani Dairy Breeds
Iqra Yasmin,Rabia Iqbal,Atif Liaqat,Wahab Ali Khan,Muhamad Nadeem,Aamir Iqbal,Muhammad Farhan Jahangir Chughtai,Syed Junaid Ur Rehman,Saima Tehseen,Tariq Mehmood,Samreen Ahsan,Saira Tanweer,Saima Naz 한국축산식품학회 2020 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.40 No.5
The aim of study was to scrutinize the physicochemical and protein profile of milk obtained from local Pakistani breeds of milch animals such as Nilli-Ravi buffalo, Sahiwal cow, Kajli sheep, Beetal goat and Brela camel. Physicochemical analysis unveiled maximum number of total solids and protein found in sheep and minimum in camel. Buffalo milk contains the highest level of fat (7.45%) while camel milk contains minimum (1.94%). Ash was found maximum in buffalo (0.81%) and sheep (0.80%) while minimum in cow’s milk (0.71%). Casein and whey proteins were separated by subjecting milk to isoelectric pH and then analyzed through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The results showed heterogeneity among these species. Different fractions including αS1, αS2, κ-casein, β-casein and β-lactoglobulen (β-Lg) were identified and quantitatively compared in all milk samples. Additionally, this electrophoretic method after examining the number and strength of different protein bands (αS1, αS2, β- CN, α-LAC, BSA, and β-Lg, etc.), was helpful to understand the properties of milk for different processing purposes and could be successfully applied in dairy industry. Results revealed that camel milk was best suitable for producing allergen free milk protein products. Furthermore, based on the variability of milk proteins, it is suggested to clarify the phylogenetic relationships between different cattle breeds and to gather the necessary data to preserve the genetic fund and biodiversity of the local breeds. Thus, the study of milk protein from different breed and species has a wide range of scope in producing diverse protein based dairy products like cheese.
사나 파이아크(Sana Fayyaz),무하마드 아티프 우르 레흐만(Muhammad Atif Ur Rehman),무하마드 살라우딘(Muhammad Salahuddin),김병서(Byung-Seo Kim) 대한전자공학회 2021 전자공학회논문지 Vol.58 No.2
정보 중심 네트워킹(ICN)과 그 결실인 명명된 데이터 네트워킹(NDN)은 호스트 중심 주소 기반 통신 아키텍처에서 컨텐츠 중심 이름 기반 통신 아키텍처로 패러다임의 전환을 제안하고 있다. NDN은 풀 기반 통신 모델을 따르고, 중간 노드의 포워딩 상태를 유지함으로써 소비자(최종 사용자) 모빌리티를 기본적으로 지원한다. 반면에 생산자(콘텐츠 생성자) 이동성은 NDN의 원래 아키텍처 설계에서 초기에 지원되지 않았었다. 따라서, 모바일 생산자 노드에서 발생하는 성능 저하 문제를 효율적으로 해결하기 위해, 최근 몇 년 동안 다수의 생산자 이동성 계획이 제안되어 왔다. 본 논문에서는 문헌에서 제안된 기존의 연구 노력(생산자 이동성의 맥락에서)에 대한 간략한 조사를 제공했다. 본 논문은 이동성 제도를 1) 유선 네트워크에서의 생산자 이동성과 2) 무선 네트워크에서의 생산자 이동성으로 분류하였다. 무선 네트워크에 대한 생산자 이동 체계는 VANETs(Vehicular AdHoc Networks)의 맥락에서 개략적으로 설명된다. 또한 NDN의 효율적인 생산자 이동성과 관련된 향후 연구 방향과 과제를 조명했다. Information-centric networking (ICN) and its fruition, the named data networking (NDN) is a paradigm shift from host-centric address-based communication architecture to the content-centric name-based communication architecture. NDN follows a pull-based communication model and natively supports the consumer (end-user) mobility by maintaining the forwarding states on Intermediate nodes. The producer (content-generator) mobility, on the other hand, was not initially supported in the original architectural design of NDN. Therefore, to efficiently address the degradation issues incurred by mobile producer nodes, a plethora of producer mobility schemes have been proposed over the recent few years. In this paper, we provided a brief survey on the existing research efforts-in the context of producer mobility, that have been proposed in the literature. This paper classified the mobility schemes into two main categories 1) producer mobility in wired networks and 2) producer mobility in wireless networks. The producer mobility schemes for wireless networks are outlined in the context of Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETS). Moreover, we also shed light on the future research directions and challenges associated with the efficient producer mobility in NDN.