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- 저자 : Muhammad Ashraf Javid (검색결과 4 건)
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Muhammad Ashraf Javid,Toshiyuki Okamura,Fumihiko Nakamura,Shinji Tanaka,Rui Wang 대한토목학회 2016 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.20 No.1
This paper aims to identify the relationships between people’s attitudes on service quality attributes of private car and public transport, and intentions to use public transport under situational constraints, mobility restrictions on car use, public transport incentives and moral obligation. A questionnaire survey was conducted in Lahore and 354 usable samples obtained. Results revealed that people’s intentions to use public transport vary under different situations and mobility restrictions. The fiscal restrictions and policy of car entry restriction have significant influence on changing people’s intentions. Modeling results revealed that social/ aesthetic, personal and instrumental attitudinal aspects of private car and public transport are underlying factors in determining the people’s intentions towards public transport under stated conditions. It is argued that social/aesthetic and personal dimensions of public transport should have equal importance in making improvements along with instrumental dimensions. This study implicates that improvement in service quality of public transport need to integrate with mobility restrictions on car use for effective change of travel behavior. The findings of this study would be helpful for concerned authorities in considering the appropriate attributes of public transport for improvement, and other related policy measures to make significant promotion from car to public transport.
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Muhammad Ashraf Javid,Nazam Ali,Muhammad Abdullah,Syed Arif Hussain Shah 대한토목학회 2021 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.25 No.7
Many accidents happen on roads due to the risky behaviour of drivers including speeding. The rate of fatalities and injuries is high in those accidents where speeding is the reason for the accident. This study aims to identify the significant predictors of drivers’ speeding behaviour considering the theoretical background of the Norm-Activation Model (NAM) theory. The social, cultural, and road environment-related factors were also considered in the design of the questionnaire. This survey was conducted in Lahore city and 556 usable samples were collected. A factor analysis was conducted to confirm the association of observed variables with their latent variables according to NAM theory. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) resulted in factors of personal speeding traits, the effectiveness of traffic enforcements, speeding propensity, situational constraints, drivers’ compliance with speed limits, social and environmental influence. The results of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) revealed that driver’s Awareness of the Consequences (AC), the Ascription of Responsibility (AR) of behavioural outcomes, and compliance with speed limits are good predictors of Personal Norms (PN) (R2 = 0.62). The factors of personal speeding traits, situational constraints, personal norms, and social and environmental influence have significant correlations with drivers’ speeding propensity (R2 = 0.36). The PN, effectiveness of traffic enforcements, compliance with speed limits, and speeding propensity factors are a direct predictor of drivers’ speeding behaviour (R2 = 0.21). These results implicate that drivers’ ability to comply with speed limits and present traffic enforcements are effective in controlling speedy drivers. However, different situations, specific personality attributes, road driving environment, and culture have a positive influence on speeding propensity.
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Muhammad Zaman Khan,Vijay Baheti,Munir Ashraf,Tanveer Hussain,Azam Ali,Amjed Javid,Abdur Rehman 한국섬유공학회 2018 Fibers and polymers Vol.19 No.8
In this research work, multifunctional cotton fabric comprising of UV protection, superhydrophobicity and antibacterial activity has been developed using facile pad-dry-cure method. In the first step, the concentration of repellent chemical has been optimized. Then, formulations containing nanoparticles of ZnO or TiO2 along with optimized concentration of repellent chemical and organic-inorganic binder have been applied to cotton fabric followed by the evaluation of functional properties. The surface morphology and elemental composition of treated fabric has been characterized through SEM and EDX, respectively. The treated samples have shown promising UV protection, superhydrophobicity and antibacterial properties durable upto 20 washing cycles.
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Nasir Sarwar,Munir Ashraf,Muhammad Mohsin,Abdur Rehman,Ayesha Younus,Amjed Javid,Kashif Iqbal,Shagufta Riaz 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.11
Importance of multifunctional finishing of textiles is increasing day by day due to greater consumer demand. Cross-linker is one of the commonly used finishes agent to impart functionality in textiles. In this research work theperformance of the formaldehyde free carboxylic acid based eco-friendly cross-linkers; citric acid (CA) and maleic acid(MA) was enhanced by incorporating three different types of metal oxides nanoparticle (ZnO, MgO and CaO). Two differentfixation methods of pad-dry-cure with and without UV irradiation were used. ZnO along with CA and MA was found to bemost effective in increasing crease recovery performance of the cotton fabric followed by MgO while CaO was found to beineffective. Fabric tear strength was also improved by the incorporation of these nanoparticles. Additionally, incorporation ofthese nanoparticles exhibited improvement in the fabric handle and antimicrobial properties.
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