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Somers, Daryl,Gyenis, L.,Yun, S.J.,Smith, K.P.,Steffenson, B.J.,Bossolini, E.,Sanguineti, M.C.,Muehlbauer, G.J. National Research Council of Canada, Conseil natio 2007 Genome Vol.50 No.8
<P> Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum is the progenitor of cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Domestication combined with plant breeding has led to the morphological and agronomic characteristics of modern barley cultivars. The objective of this study was to map the genetic factors that morphologically and agronomically differentiate wild barley from modern barley cultivars. To address this objective, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with plant height, flag leaf width, spike length, spike width, glume length in relation to seed length, awn length, fragility of ear rachis, endosperm width and groove depth, heading date, flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, and kernel color in a Harrington/OUH602 advanced backcross (BC2F8) population. This population was genotyped with 113 simple sequence repeat markers. Thirty QTLs were identified, of which 16 were newly identified in this study. One to 4 QTLs were identified for each of the traits except glume length, for which no QTL was detected. The portion of phenotypic variation accounted for by individual QTLs ranged from about 9% to 54%. For traits with more than one QTL, the phenotypic variation explained ranged from 25% to 71%. Taken together, our results reveal the genetic architecture of morphological and agronomic traits that differentiate wild from cultivated barley. </P>
Shin, Sanghyun,Torres-Acosta, Juan Antonio,Heinen, Shane J.,McCormick, Susan,Lemmens, Marc,Paris, Maria Paula Kovalsky,Berthiller, Franz,Adam, Gerhard,Muehlbauer, Gary J. Oxford University Press 2012 Journal of experimental botany Vol.63 No.13
<P>Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by <I>Fusarium graminearum</I>, is a devastating disease of small grain cereal crops. FHB causes yield reductions and contamination of grain with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). DON inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells and acts as a virulence factor during fungal pathogenesis, therefore resistance to DON is considered an important component of resistance against FHB. One mechanism of resistance to DON is conversion of DON to DON-3-O-glucoside (D3G). Previous studies showed that expression of the UDP-glucosyltransferase genes <I>HvUGT13248</I> from barley and <I>AtUGt73C5</I> (<I>DOGT1</I>) from <I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> conferred DON resistance to yeast. Over-expression of <I>AtUGt73C5</I> in <I>Arabidopsis</I> led to increased DON resistance of seedlings but also to dwarfing of transgenic plants due to the formation of brassinosteroid-glucosides. The objectives of this study were to develop transgenic <I>Arabidopsis</I> expressing <I>HvUGT13248</I>, to test for phenotypic changes in growth habit, and the response to DON. Transgenic lines that constitutively expressed the epitope-tagged HvUGT13248 protein exhibited increased resistance to DON in a seed germination assay and converted DON to D3G to a higher extent than the untransformed wild-type. By contrast to the over-expression of <I>DOGT1</I> in <I>Arabidopsis</I>, which conjugated the brassinosteriod castasterone with a glucoside group resulting in a dwarf phenotype, expression of the barley <I>HvUGT13248</I> gene did not lead to drastic morphological changes. Consistent with this observation, no castasterone-glucoside formation was detectable in yeast expressing the barley <I>HvUGT13248</I> gene. This barley <I>UGT</I> is therefore a promising candidate for transgenic approaches aiming to increase DON and <I>Fusarium</I> resistance of crop plants without undesired collateral effects.</P>