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Synthesis and Effect of Nanogrease on Tribological Properties
Ho Chang,Mu-Jung Kao,Jin-De Luo,Chou-Wei Lan 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
This study aims to improve the lubrication performance of grease by letting Tin (Sn) nanoparticles dispersed in lithium grease, and tests the tribological properties of nanogrease. We use the chemical reduction method to prepare Sn nanoparticles of different particle sizes. After applying Sn nanogrease on the self-made pin-on-disk tribology tester that meets ASTM G99 standards, this study explores the properties of wear resistance and friction decreases of nanogrease with nanparticles of different particle sizes, concentrations and loads. Experimental results show that adding Sn nanoparticles to lithium grease can enhance wear resistance and reduce the coefficient of friction. Under the condition that Sn nanoparticles are in smaller particle size and at a concentration of 1.0 wt.%, friction and wear can both be reduced significantly. Compared to pure lithium base grease, when the grease has loads of 39.2 N and 49 N respectively, the friction coefficients reduce from 0.05434 to 0.01985 and from 0.05635 to 0.02155, with reduction rates at around 63.5% and 61.8%, respectively. Moreover, wear scar diameters decrease from 0.7651 mm to 0.3145 mm and from 0.8263 mm to 0.3658 mm, with reduction rates at around 58.9% and 55.7%, respectively. Additionally, through SEM photographs, this study proves that Sn nanoparticles produce filling and sedimentary effects on wear surfaces.
Ho Chang,Mu-Jung Kao,Chin-Guo Kuo,Cheng-Yi Chou 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
This study develops photoelectrode thin film needed in back-illuminated dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) by the anodization method. We test the effects of electrolytes with different NH4F concentrations reaction time lengths in the anodic oxidation process on thephotoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC, and measure the open-circuit voltage decay, lifetime of electrons and incident photontoelectronconversion efficiency (IPCE) of the prepared DSSC. Experimental results show that the TiO2 nanotube thin film prepared byanodic oxidation with an electrolyte with a NH4F concentration at 0.75 wt% and with a reaction time of 5 hr achieves a photoelectricconversion efficiency of 3.98%, open-circuit voltage of 0.723 V, and short-circuit current density of 11.3 mA/cm2, and has a longerelectron lifetime when compared to the electrolytes prepared at other NH4F concentrations. In addition, the photoelectrode thin filmprepared with a thickness of 22 μm under a reaction time of 10 hr and by an electrolyte with a NH4F concentration at 0.5 wt%achieves photoelectric conversion efficiency of as high as 4.76%, open-circuit voltage of 0.681 V, and short-circuit current densityof 15.91 mA/cm2.
Anti-Wear and Friction Properties of Nanoparticles as Additives in the Lithium Grease
Ho Chang,Chou-Wei Lan,Chih-Hao Chen,Mu-Jung Kao,Jia-Bin Guo 한국정밀공학회 2014 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
TiO2/CuO nano-particles were dispersed into lithium grease to improve the lubricating properties of the greases. Then, the processof sliding friction was tested. The friction force of the contact interface between a ball and a flat surface with TiO2/CuO nano-greasewas measured for a ball on a flat sliding wear tester. The worn surface was examined by a surface roughness tester and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). The tested lithium grease was synthesized with 0.5wt.%, 1.0wt.%, 1.5wt.% and 2.0wt.% TiO2/CuO nanoparticles. Results indicate that the TiO2/CuO nano-particle additives can improve the wear resistance of lithium grease and decreasethe friction coefficient. In addition, the results show that a 1.0 wt% content of TiO2 nano-particles is the most efficient in reducingfriction and wear, and can significantly reduce the friction coefficient of the rubbing interface by about 40%, according to the frictiontests. The wear of the lithium grease with a 2.0wt.% content of CuO nano-particles added can reduce wear about by 60% incomparison with lithium grease. Furthermore, the SEM analysis results demonstrate that the addition of tribo-film forms and TiO2/CuO nano-particles on the worn surface is responsible for the decrease in friction and wear.
The Presence of Borrelia valaisiana-Related Genospecies in Ticks and a Rodent in Taiwan
Chun-Man Huang,Hsi-Chieh Wang,Ying-Chun Lin,Shih-Hui Chiu,Ying-Shun Kao,Pei-Lung Lee,Hsiu-I Wang,Ruei-Chen Hung,Huang-I Chan,Ho-Sheng Wu,Chuen-Sheue Chiang,Jung-Jung Mu 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6
A field survey was conducted to investigate the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in six counties of Taiwan. Spirochetes were successfully isolated from one rodent ear sample out of 485 rodent ears and 53live, fed tick (Ixodes granulatus) samples. The spirochetes were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi s.l. by real-time PCR. In addition, 23 of 113 tick samples were tested positive for Borrelia DNA according to real-time PCR. The Borrelia isolate from the rodent and the 23 Borrelia DNA samples from the ticks were identified as B. valaisiana-related genospecies by phylogenetic analysis based on flagellin gene sequences. These findings suggest that the Borrelia valaisiana-related strains are maintained in a zoonotic cycle between tick vectors and reservoir hosts in Taiwan.