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- 저자 : Mohammad Ghadamyari (검색결과 4 건)
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Mohammad VATANPARAST,Vahid Hosseininaveh,Mohammad Ghadamyari,Seyede Minoo Sajjadian 한국응용곤충학회 2012 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.15 No.4
The elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola, is a serious pest of elm trees in urban areas. Partial biochemical characterization of pectinases and cellulases was conducted using the larval digestive system of the pest. Midgut extracts from larvae showed optimum activity for pectinase and cellulase against pectin and carboxymethyl cellulose, respectively, under acidic conditions (pH 6). Pectinases and cellulases were respectively more stable under acidic conditions (pH 4–7) and slightly acidic conditions (pH 5–7) than under highly acidic and alkaline conditions. However, the enzymes were more stable in slightly acidic conditions (pH 6) when incubation time was increased. Maximum activity for the pectinases and cellulases incubated at different temperatures was observed at 45 and 50 °C, respectively. Mg2+ remarkably increased pectinase activity,and cellulase activity increased significantly in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+. Sodium dodecyl sulfate significantly decreased pectinase and cellulase activity. The Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) and the maximal reaction velocity (Vmax) values for pectinase were 2 mg·mL−1 and 0.017 mmol·min−1·mg−1 protein toward pectin, respectively. Zymogram analyses revealed the presence of one and five bands of pectinase and cellulase activity, respectively, in the larval midgut extract.
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Rahimizadeh, Mohammad,Eshghi, Hossein,Shiri, Ali,Ghadamyari, Zohreh,Matin, Maryam M.,Oroojalian, Fatemeh,Pordeli, Parvaneh Korean Chemical Society 2012 대한화학회지 Vol.56 No.6
Diazo coupling reactions of aromatic amines with 2-naphthol in a green, efficient and easy procedure is described. Ferric hydrogensulfate catalyses this reaction in water at room temperature and short reaction time with high yields. The antibacterial activities of the synthesized compounds against four pathogenic bacteria are also investigated.
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Hadi Sheykhnejad,Mohammad Ghadamyari,Vahid Ghasemi,Salar Jamali,Javad Karimi 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.4
The rose sawfly, Arge ochropus (Gmelin), is one of the most destructive pests attacking rose bushes in northernIran. In the present study, the haemocyte reactions of A. ochropus larvaewere assessed against two entomopathogenicnematodes, Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar. With injection ofinfective juveniles of H. bactriophora into A. ochropus larvae, the total haemocyte count showed alternatingfluctuations at all time intervals. Encapsulation occurred 22 hours post injection (hpi) of H. bacteriophorainfective juveniles into the rose sawfly larvae, while melanization was observed after 24 h. In the case of S. carpocapsae, initial attachment of the haemocytes was detected at 18 hpi and complete encapsulation at24 hpi; no melanization was observed. In general, findings showed strong immune responses of the rose sawflylarvae against H. bacteriophora,while these reactionswere weakened for S. carpocapsae. Therefore, it is concludedthat S. carpocapsae has more ability to overcome the host defence system, and this research provides a newwindow on its potential as a biocontrol agent.
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Jamileh Alvandi,Javad Karimi,Mohammad Ghadamyari,Mahbubeh Sharifi,Ahmad Asoodeh 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.3
This study addressed the modulation of immune responses of the white grub larvae Polyphylla adspersa Motschulsky (Col., Melolonthidae) when challenged with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema glaseri. To investigate the immunity system, 20 infective juvenile (IJs) of the EPNs were injected into the larval haemolymph at incubation time. Haemocytic reactions of the larvae against the EPNs at different times post-injection (hpi) showed changes in total haemocyte count (THC) and differential haemocyte count (DHC). Encapsulation as a prominent and typical cellular reaction reached its maximum rate at 8 hpi of H. bacteriophora and 12 hpi of S. glaseri. The encapsulation reaction against H. bacteriophora was significantly different from that against S. glaseri. In contrast to the second instar larvae, the third larval stage had a higher encapsulation rate and specific phenoloxidase activity when injected with both species of EPNs. The humoral reaction related to this enzymatic activity could create initial melanization at 18 hpi of S. glaseri and 12 hpi of H. bacteriophora. However, EPNs probably reduced the number of circulating haemocytes in haemolymphs by their pathogenic potentials and symbiotic bacteria. This occurrence, which was followed by a reduction in the THC, decreased the intensity of the cellular and humoral responses of the larvae. Therefore, the immune system of the grub was activated by the initial infection with EPNs, but was finally suppressed by their activity. This study showed the weak immune response of the white grub larvae of P. adspersa against EPNs, S. glaseri, and H. bacteriophora. This finding could aid biocontrol management by facilitating the selection of a suitable EPN species for its virulence and ability to suppress insect defense systems.
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