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Effects of Various Machine Parameters on Cutting Performance for High-speed Cutting of Paddy Crop
Modak Shreyas,Raheman Hifjur 한국농업기계학회 2022 바이오시스템공학 Vol.47 No.2
Purpose To achieve optimised cutting performance at higher forward speeds of existing combine harvesters, performance evaluation of available cutting systems was conducted to cut paddy crop (variety: Indrayani). Methods A tractor operated laboratory test set-up consisting of 1-m-wide cutterbar, reel and auger was developed. Freshly uprooted paddy crop was held upright using crop holder assemblies. Knife speed, cutting stroke and forward speed were iterated through set of design of experiments and dependent parameters like cutting force, specific cutting energy and overall cutting efficiency were measured. The results were then analysed and operating parameters were optimised for maximising the forward speed. The cutting performance with optimised parameters was then validated in the laboratory by operating test set-up at optimised settings. Results It was found that, with increase in the knife speed from 450 to 600 rpm at an interval of 50 rpm, the absolute cutting force was observed to be decreased; however, reverse trend was observed with increase in the cutting stroke from 50.8 to 101.6mmand forward speed from 2 to 6 km h−1. Statistically stroke length was the most significant factor (α = 0.01) impacting the cutting force and specific cutting energy requirement, followed by forward speed and knife speed. Overall cutting efficiency increased with increase in the knife speed and stroke length; however, a reverse trend was observed with increased forward speed. Highest forward speed of 6 km h−1 was achieved by setting the cutting system at knife speed of 600 rpm and stroke length of 76.2 mm, where peak absolute specific cutting energy, peak absolute cutting force and overall cutting efficiency were 162.9 kJ m−2, 1212.7 N and 86.4%, respectively. Validation experiments show a strong positive correlation coefficient of 0.944, 0.988 and 0.985 for peak absolute cutting force, peak absolute specific cutting energy and overall cutting efficiency respectively. Conclusions Thus, forward speed of existing combine harvesters could be increased at improved levels of cutting efficiency with the said optimization approach.
Modak Annayasa,Singh Brij Raj,Dubey Ashutosh,Tewari A. K.,Taj Gohar 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1
White rust, a devastating disease of Brassicaceae family, causes nearly 60% reduction in yield of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard). This dreadful disease is caused by oomycetes fungi Albugo candida. A comparative expression analysis of MAPKs cascade and some of defense-related genes in nontransgenic and transgenic (harbouring overexpressed MAPK3) cultivar of Brassica juncea were done to reveal the defense signalling pathway against biotrophic fungi Albugo candida. Disease indexing was also done to compare the disease severity in both transgenic and nontransgenic Brassica juncea cultivars. Lower disease index in transgenic Brassica suggests its tolerance to Albugo candida. Higher expression level of MAPK6 in comparison to MAPK3 in the transgenic Brassica indicates that MAPK6 mimics a portion of MAPK3 signalling pathway and work in a direct cascade for production of defense-related proteins. Overexpression of MAPK3 gene was observed in downregulating the expression of MAPK4 in transgenic Brassica juncea. The expression of two important transcription factors, such as WRKY33 and WRKY29 were also analyzed in the present study and were found to be higher in transgenic plant overexpressing MAPK3. The expression of three defense-related genes (OASTL-B, ACD2 and CSD2) was found to be increased in transgenic plants harbouring overexpressed MAPK3 gene; however, expression level of CYP20-3 was found higher in nontransgenic Brassica plant in response to pathogen infection. These four defense-related genes were also subjected to in silico studies, such as secondary structure, tertiary structure and putative phosphorylation sites prediction in addition to protein–protein interaction determination with potential MAPKs cascade and WRKY29, WRKY33.
NEW FORM OF NJÅSTAD'S α-SET AND LEVINE'S SEMI-OPEN SET
Modak, Shyamapada,Islam, Md. Monirul Chungcheong Mathematical Society 2017 충청수학회지 Vol.30 No.2
This paper gives an extensive study of ideal topological space and introduce two new types of set with the help of local function. Several characterizations of these sets will also be discussed through this paper and finally gives new representation of ${\alpha}$-sets and semi-open sets.
DENSE SETS IN WEAK STRUCTURE AND MINIMAL STRUCTURE
Modak, Shyamapada Korean Mathematical Society 2013 대한수학회논문집 Vol.28 No.3
This paper is an attempt to study and introduce the notion of ${\omega}$-dense set in weak structures and the notion of m-dense set in minimal structures. We have also investigate the relationships between ${\omega}$-dense sets, $m$-dense sets, ${\sigma}({\omega})$ sets, ${\pi}({\omega})$ sets, $r({\omega})$ sets, ${\beta}({\omega})$ sets, m-semiopen sets and $m$-preopen sets. Further we give some representations of the above generalized sets in minimal structures as well as in weak structures.
GENERALIZED CLOSED SETS IN BINARY IDEAL TOPOLOGICAL SPACES
Modak, Shyamapada,Al-omari, Ahmad Abdullah Chungcheong Mathematical Society 2018 충청수학회지 Vol.31 No.1
This paper deals with binary ideal topological space and discuss about generalized binary closed sets and generalized kernel in the same topological space. Further it will discuss various types of characterizations of generalized binary closed sets and generalized kernel.
NEW FORM OF NJ˚ASTAD’S α-SET AND LEVINE’S SEMI-OPEN SET
Shyamapada Modak,Md. Monirul Isla 충청수학회 2017 충청수학회지 Vol.30 No.2
This paper gives an extensive study of ideal topological space and introduce two new types of set with the help of local function. Several characterizations of these sets will also be discussed through this paper and finally gives new representation of α-sets and semi-open sets.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON DEVELOPMENT OF EX-VESSEL DEBRIS BED WITH INCLINED BOTTOM SURFACE
Mayank Modak,Hyun Sun Park 대한기계학회 2020 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2020 No.12
In case of severe accidents in light water reactors (LWRs), the coolability of relocated corium from the reactor vessel is a significant safety issue. The failure in cooling and stabilizing of the molten core in the containment vessel can threaten the integrity of the containment boundary. Current study is an extension to the previous work of Kim et al. (2016) in which the previous model for development of an ex-vessel corium debris bed will be modified by incorporating the effect of bottom surface inclinations. This paper reports the experimental part of the study describing the spreading of the debris bed in terms of two-phase flow, debris injection parameters, and bottom inclined surface geometrical parameters is discussed.
Generalized closed sets in binary ideal topological spaces
Shyamapada Modak,Ahmad Abdullah Al-omari 충청수학회 2018 충청수학회지 Vol.31 No.1
This paper deals with binary ideal topological space and discuss about generalized binary closed sets and generalized kernel in the same topological space. Further it will discuss various types of characterizations of generalized binary closed sets and generalized kernel.