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The dietary requirement for threonine in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Mirasha Hasanthi,김민기,임현운,Jongho Lim,허상우,이승한,이봉주,김강웅,이경준 한국수산과학회 2023 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.26 No.1
This study was conducted to determine dietary threonine (Thr) requirement for juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A total of 450 juvenile fish (23.2 ± 0.4 g) were randomly distributed to 18 tanks (215 L) with 25 fish per tank. Experimental diets included with graded levels of Thr at 0.0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6%, and 2.0% were assigned for triplicate groups of fish and fed two times daily to apparent satiation for 12 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed utilization and survival were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in fish fed with dietary Thr levels over 0.8%, and no significant differences were observed between 0.8% to 2.3% levels. Non-specific immune parameters of serum lysozyme, myeloperoxidase activity, antiprotease activity, and total immunoglobulin were significantly increased by dietary Thr over 0.8%. Based on the broken-line regression analysis, the Thr requirement for the optimum growth and immune response in olive flounder is likely to be 1.03% in the diet.
Mirasha Hasanthi,G.H.T. Malintha,Kwan-Sik Yun,Kyeong-Jun Lee The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Scienc 2023 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.26 No.12
Piperine, the main bioactive component of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.), has anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antibacterial properties. This study evaluated the supplemental effects of piperine or black pepper on innate immunity, growth, feed utilization efficiency, and intestinal morphology in red seabream (Pagrus major). Six experimental diets were formulated, supplementing piperine at 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg levels (Con, P25, P50, P100, and P200) or 1.0 g/kg black pepper (BP100). Juvenile fish (7.6 ± 0.1 g) were randomly stocked into 18 circular tanks (220 L), including 30 fish per tank. Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups, and the feeding trial was conducted for 8 weeks. The results showed that final body weight, specific growth rate, weight gain, and feed utilization efficiency were significantly improved (p < 0.05) when piperine was supplemented into diets at 0.25-2.0 g/kg levels compared to the Con group. Compared to the Con diet, condition factor was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in fish fed with dietary piperine at 0.25-2.0 g/kg or BP100 diet. Serum myeloperoxidase activity was increased (p < 0.05) in P25 and P100 groups and antiprotease activity was increased (p < 0.05) in P100 group compared to the Con group. Significantly higher (p < 0.05) lysozyme activity was observed in P50, P100, P200 and BP100 groups, while total immunoglobulin level was increased in P50, P100 and BP100 groups than Con group. Superoxide dismutase activity was increased (p < 0.05) by dietary piperine at 0.25-2.0 g/kg levels and BP100 diet compared to Con diet. Plasma cholesterol was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in fish fed with piperine (0.5-2.0 g/kg) or BP100 compared to the Con diet. Compared to the Con diet significantly longer (p < 0.05) intestinal villi were observed in fish fed with piperine at 0.25-1.0 g/kg levels, and higher goblet cell count was observed in P25 and BP100 groups. Dietary inclusion of piperine would be a potent immunostimulant in fish diet and the optimum supplementation level would be 0.25-1.0 g/kg.