The Differences between Luminal Microbiota and Mucosal Microbiota in Mice

Minna Wu,Puze Li,Jianmin Li,Yunying An,Mingyong Wang,Genshen Zhong 한국미생물·생명공학회 2020 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.30 No.2

The differences between luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosal microbiota (MAM) were little known, especially in duodenum. In this study, LM and MAM in colon and duodenum of mice were investigated through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The lowest bacterial diversity and evenness were observed in duodenal LM (D_LM), followed by duodenal MAM (D_MAM). Meanwhile, the bacterial diversity and evenness were obviously increased in D_MAM than these in D_LM, while no significant difference was observed between colonic MAM (C_MAM) and colonic LM (C_LM). PCoA analysis also showed that bacterial communities of LM and MAM in duodenum were completely separated, while these in colon overlapped partly. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) in D_MAM was significantly higher than that in D_LM. Lactobacillus was largely enriched and was the characteristic bacteria in D_LM. The characteristic bacteria in D_MAM were Turicibacter, Parasutterella, Marvinbryantia and Bifidobacterium, while in C_LM they were Ruminiclostridium_6, Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_007 and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010, and in C_MAM they were Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Mucispirillum, Alistipes, Ruminiclostridium and Odoribacter. The networks showed that more interactions existed in colonic microbiota (24 nodes and 74 edges) than in duodenal microbiota (17 nodes and 29 edges). The 16S rDNA function prediction results indicated that bigger differences of function exist between LM and MAM in duodenum than these in colon. In conclusion, microbiota from intestinal luminal content and mucosa were different both in colon and in duodenum, and bacteria in colon interacted with each other much more closely than those in duodenum.

Emerging Biomaterials for Tumor Immunotherapy

Minna Xiao,Qinglai Tang,Shiying Zeng,Qian Yang,Xinming Yang,Xinying Tong,Gangcai Zhu,Lanjie Lei,Shisheng Li 한국생체재료학회 2023 생체재료학회지 Vol.27 No.00

Background The immune system interacts with cancer cells in various intricate ways that can protect the individual from overproliferation of cancer cells; however, these interactions can also lead to malignancy. There has been a dramatic increase in the application of cancer immunotherapy in the last decade. However, low immunogenicity, poor specificity, weak presentation efficiency, and off-target side effects still limit its widespread application. Fortunately, advanced biomaterials effectively contribute immunotherapy and play an important role in cancer treatment, making it a research hotspot in the biomedical field. Main body This review discusses immunotherapies and the development of related biomaterials for application in the field. The review first summarizes the various types of tumor immunotherapy applicable in clinical practice as well as their underlying mechanisms. Further, it focuses on the types of biomaterials applied in immunotherapy and related research on metal nanomaterials, silicon nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, polymer nanoparticles, and cell membrane nanocarriers. Moreover, we introduce the preparation and processing technologies of these biomaterials (liposomes, microspheres, microneedles, and hydrogels) and summarize their mechanisms when applied to tumor immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss future advancements and shortcomings related to the application of biomaterials in tumor immunotherapy. Conclusion Research on biomaterial-based tumor immunotherapy is booming; however, several challenges remain to be overcome to transition from experimental research to clinical application. Biomaterials have been optimized continuously and nanotechnology has achieved continuous progression, ensuring the development of more efficient biomaterials, thereby providing a platform and opportunity for breakthroughs in tumor immunotherapy.

Well-defined nanostructured core–shell magnetic surface imprinted polymers (Fe3O4@SiO2@MIPs) for effective extraction of trace tetrabromobisphenol A from water

Qiong Wu,Minna Li,Zheng Huang,Yanming Shao,Lei Bai,Lincheng Zhou 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.60 No.-

Magnetic molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) with well-defined core–shell nanostructure for extracting tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) have been fabricated by surface molecular imprinting method. Fe3O4@SiO2@MIPs exhibit the good adsorption capacity, high recognition ability and fast kinetics to TBBPA. The maximum adsorption capacity of Fe3O4@SiO2@MIPs towards TBBPA is 88.3 mg g−1, which is 2.3 times as high as that of Fe3O4@SiO2@NIPs. Besides, the material has the short equilibrium time (40 min), the rapid magnetic separation (15.6 emu g−1, 20 s) and the high stability (the adsorption efficiency is at least 85% after seven cycles).

Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and Metabolism in Ulcerative Colitis Mice Treated with the Dietary Ingredient Phloretin

( Jie Ren ),( Puze Li ),( Dong Yan ),( Min Li ),( Jinsong Qi ),( Mingyong Wang ),( Genshen Zhong ),( Minna Wu ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.10

A growing number of healthy dietary ingredients in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid that is abundant in apples and pears, has anti-inflammatory effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. The gut microbiota and metabolism are closely related to each other due to the existence of the food-gut axis in the human colon. To investigate the interplay of faecal metabolites and the microbiota in UC mice after phloretin treatment, phloretin (60 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Gut microbes and faecal metabolite profiles were detected by high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, respectively. The correlations between gut microbes and their metabolites were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The results indicated that phloretin reshaped the disturbed faecal metabolite profile in UC mice and improved the metabolic pathways by balancing the composition of faecal metabolites such as norepinephrine, mesalazine, tyrosine, 5-acetyl-2,4- dimethyloxazole, and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. Correlation analysis identified the relations between the gut microbes and their metabolites. Proteus was negatively related to many faecal metabolites, such as norepinephrine, L-tyrosine, laccarin, dopamine glucuronide, and 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole. The abundance of unidentified Bacteriodales_S24-7_group was positively related to ecgonine, 15-KETE and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2- (hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. The abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was negatively related to the levels of 15-KETE and netilmicin. Stenotrophomonas and 15-KETE were negatively related, while Intestinimonas and alanyl-serine were positively related. In conclusion, phloretin treatment had positive impacts on faecal metabolites in UC mice, and the changes in faecal metabolites were closely related to the gut microbiota.

A novel strategy for surface modification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for lung cancer imaging

Huang, Gang,Zhang, Chunfu,Li, Shunzi,Khemtong, Chalermchai,Yang, Su-Geun,Tian, Ruhai,Minna, John D.,Brown, Kathlynn C.,Gao, Jinming Royal Society of Chemistry 2009 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.19 No.35

<P>Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles are widely used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as versatile ultra-sensitive nanoprobes for cellular and molecular imaging of cancer. In this study, we report a one-step procedure for the surface functionalization of SPIO nanoparticles with a lung cancer-targeting peptide. The hydrophobic surfactants on the as-synthesized SPIO are displaced by the peptide containing a poly(ethylene glycol)-tethered cysteine residue through ligand exchange. The resulting SPIO particles are biocompatible and demonstrate high T<SUB>2</SUB> relaxivity. The nanoprobes are specific in targeting α<SUB>v</SUB>β<SUB>6</SUB>–expressing lung cancer cells as demonstrated by MR imaging and Prussian blue staining. This facile surface chemistry and the functional design of the proposed SPIO system may provide a powerful nanoplatform for the molecular diagnosis of lung cancer.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Surface functionalization of SPIO nanoparticles with lung cancer peptides enables the specific targeting to α<SUB>v</SUB>β<SUB>6</SUB>–positive H2009 cancer cells, verified by cell uptake and MR imaging. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=b902358e'> </P>