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Michail G. Michailidis,Matthew J. Rutherford,Kimon P. Valavanis 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2020 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.18 No.4
This paper presents a survey of controller design techniques aimed at autonomous navigation and control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), focusing on the challenge of aerodynamic uncertainty. Although many roadblocks exist, the most significant and challenging task for UAV navigation and control is the one of aerodynamic/model uncertainty. Current autopilots and controller designs for autonomous airplanes are mainly concerned with the feature of constant, unknown aerodynamic parameters, i.e., control and stability derivatives of the platform. This research focuses on a thorough investigation of the related theory and its applicability, centering on specific techniques that are able to control UAVs with rapidly changing, time-varying aerodynamic characteristics during flight. The scientific merit of this work is the comprehensive overview provided and the technical study that is performed, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages for each technique with respect to its efficiency and performance.
SAMHD1 Has Differential Impact on the Efficacies of HIV Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Huber, Andrew D.,Michailidis, Eleftherios,Schultz, Megan L.,Ong, Yee T.,Bloch, Nicolin,Puray-Chavez, Maritza N.,Leslie, Maxwell D.,Ji, Juan,Lucas, Anthony D.,Kirby, Karen A.,Landau, Nathaniel R.,Saraf American Society for Microbiology 2014 Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Vol.58 No.8
<P>Sterile alpha motif- and histidine/aspartic acid domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) limits HIV-1 replication by hydrolyzing deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) necessary for reverse transcription. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are components of anti-HIV therapies. We report here that SAMHD1 cleaves NRTI triphosphates (TPs) at significantly lower rates than dNTPs and that SAMHD1 depletion from monocytic cells affects the susceptibility of HIV-1 infections to NRTIs in complex ways that depend not only on the relative changes in dNTP and NRTI-TP concentrations but also on the NRTI activation pathways.</P>
Konstantinos Stamatiou,Nikolaos Galariotis,Ioannis Michailidis,Nerantzoula Petrakopoulou,Helen Moustou,Adamantia Zizi-Sermpetzoglou 대한비뇨의학회 2010 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.51 No.10
Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) of urinary bladder is a rare tumor exhibiting aggressive behavior. Here we are reviewing the pathologic and clinical characteristics of 4 consecutive cases of this rare tumor. Three out of 4 patients were males and one female. The median age was 72.8 years (range, 60-79 years). Patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor and the diagnosis of bladder SC was established on the pathologic examination of the resected bladder tissue. Despite treatment all patients died within 22 months of the diagnosis of SC. SC of the bladder are true biphasic malignant neoplasm exhibiting morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation with the presence or absence of heterologous elements. The aggressive of the tumor precludes radical therapy whenever possible, since adjuvant therapy seems to have little effect.
Kirby, K A,Singh, K,Michailidis, E,Marchand, B,Kodama, E N,Ashida, N,Mitsuya, H,Parniak, M A,Sarafianos, S G R. Wegmann 2011 Cellular and molecular biology Vol.57 No.1
<P>4'—Ethynyl—2—fluoro—2'—deoxyadenosine (EFdA) is the most potent inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase (RT). We have recently named EFdA a Translocation Defective RT Inhibitor (TDRTI) because after its incorporation in the nucleic acid it blocks DNA polymerization, primarily by preventing translocation of RT on the template/primer that has EFdA at the 3'—primer end (T/PEFdA). The sugar ring conformation of EFdA may also influence RT inhibition by a) affecting the binding of EFdA triphosphate (EFdATP) at the RT active site and/or b) by preventing proper positioning of the 3'—OH of EFdA in T/PEFdA that is required for efficient DNA synthesis. Specifically, the North (C2'—exo/C3'—endo), but not the South (C2'—endo/C3'—exo) nucleotide sugar ring conformation is required for efficient binding at the primer—binding and polymerase active sites of RT. In this study we use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments to determine the sugar ring conformation of EFdA. We find that unlike adenosine nucleosides unsubstituted at the 4'—position, the sugar ring of EFdA is primarily in the North conformation. This difference in sugar ring puckering likely contributes to the more efficient incorporation of EFdATP by RT than dATP. In addition, it suggests that the 3'—OH of EFdA in T/PEFdA is not likely to prevent incorporation of additional nucleotides and thus it does not contribute to the mechanism of RT inhibition. This study provides the first insights into how structural attributes of EFdA affect its antiviral potency through interactions with its RT target.</P>