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The Impact of Country-of-Origin and Joy on Product Evaluation
Nils O. Ommen,Tobias Heußler,Christof Backhaus,Manuel Michaelis,Dieter Ahlert 한국마케팅과학회 2010 Journal of Global Fashion Marketing Vol.1 No.2
Consumer’s differentiated perception and appraisal of a product’s country-of-origin (COO) exerts large influence on perception of the COO-image (COI) and on the perceived product quality. At peripheral information processing COO-Image (COI) provides a basis to ease requirements for information processing in form of heuristics. Most of internationalization literature examines the COO effect with respect to high-involvement products and in context of cognitive processing. However studies from Maheswaran and Chen (2006) point out, that besides cognitive influences, also specific emotions impact on COO-effects. Whereas the influence of negative emotions like anger, sadness or frustration on processing and judgments could be exposed, the issue of positive emotions’ impact still stays open. Since the question should be answered, if emotions impact on COO-Effects, it is emphasized to focus on COO as an affective heuristic operating as a “halo” effect on attitudes towards a product. Because both marketing and evolutionary theories of emotion act on the assumption of satisfaction of human needs, latter is specified, describing emotions as complex chains of events with stabilizing feedback loops. Particularly, in the context of impulsive purchasing emotion plays a vital role. Impulsive buyers are more emotionalized, experiencing more enthusiasm, joy, and glee than nonbuyers. Thus “joy” leads to impulsive decision making behavior. Drawing on the extant literature, we develop our conceptual framework to analyze whether, and if so, how positive emotions (such as joy) affect the impact of COO on product evaluation. Based on an experimental study including 130 respondents, we test three hypotheses: whether the COO has an impact on product evaluation (H1), whether the positive emotion of joy has a stronger positive influence on product evaluation than neutral emotional states (H2), and whether the positive emotion of joy reduces the positive relationship of COO on product evaluation (H3). In the experimental design, it is hypothesized that the latent variable Emotion impacts on the latent variable COI and in addition that these latent variables, both influence beliefs towards the product in terms of a halo effect. Latent variables in each case get measured with manifested variables in form of validated scales. Cause-and-effect relations are revealed in an experiment concerning a factorial test arrangement with a 2x2 factor design, consisting of two COOs (China vs. Germany) and two emotional states (joy vs. neutral state). Complex pictures from International Affective Picture System state standardized stimuli obtaining specific emotions. The apparel industry serves as the product category used in the experiment because impulsive buying behavior is quite common in this product category. Moreover, we chose women as respondents because they rather purchase for emotional and relationship-oriented reasons. Products get labeled with woven tags and tags at clothes hangers manipulating COO. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) can be counted among the most important analysis methods in marketing research and is used for analysis, with emotional state and COO being the independent variables and product evaluation as the dependent variable. Prior to probing hypothesized assumptions a manipulation check concerning induced emotions was successful. Participants primed with the joyful IAPS checked a significantly higher percentage of positive adjectives than respondents primed with the neutral IAPS (joyful=.76, neutral =.61; F=7.59, p<.001). Also the used scale of Product Evaluation could be validated by confirmatory factor analysis. The main effect of emotion is highly significant for product evaluation. Following Cohen (1988), the strength of the effects is large (η2 = 10.8 %). Product evaluation is influenced by a highly significant interaction effect (Emotion * COO, EtaSquare: 6.2 %).
Long-term Plan to Monitor Venus Using Earth-orbiting CubeSats
Yeon Joo Lee(이연주),Antonio Garcıa Munoz,Young-Jun Choi(최영준),Harald Michaelis,Emmanuel Marcq,Daphne Stam,Masateru Ishiguro,Bongkon Moon(문봉곤),Heike Rauer,Thomas Granzer,Juan Cabrera,Sebastien Lebonnois,T 한국항공우주학회 2023 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.6
Mahmoud Charmiyan,Ahmad Reza Azimian,Ebrahim Shirani,Fethi Aloui,Cedric Degouet,Dirk Michaelis 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.11
The impinging turbulent slot jet was investigated experimentally using tomographic particle image velocimetry technique. The jet Reynolds number was considered equal to 9000 and the nozzle to plate distance was 10 times the width of the nozzle. The mean flow and turbulent statistics were evaluated at different cross-sections. Then, the dominant three-dimensional structures of the turbulent flow were identified using the Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, and the contribution of different energy modes to the total energy was determined. It is observed that the first 40 POD modes can be considered as the dominant flow modes which contain about 89 % of total kinetic energy of the flow. Also, horseshoe form structures were observed in some POD modes on both sides of the jet central plane. Finally, three-dimensional vortex structures were specified using vorticity, Q and λ 2 criteria, and compared with each other.
Zeolite Membranes: Functionalizing of Properties by Tailored Compositions
Hannes Richter,Marcus Weyd,Adrian Simon,Jan-Thomas Kühnert,Christiane Günther,Ingolf Voigt,Alexander Michaelis 한국막학회 2017 멤브레인 Vol.27 No.6
Membrane separation is a technology of low energy consumption. Membranes made of zeolites are of great interest because their fixed and open pores in the size of small molecules inside crystalline structures allow separation processes under harsh conditions. While zeolite NaA (LTA-type) is industrially used for dewatering of organic solvents, its pore size and thermal and hydrothermal stability can be tuned by exchange of framework and extra-framework elements. SOD with pores of only 0.28 nm is of great interest for H 2 - und H 2 O-separation and also can be tuned by ion exchange. Zeolites open the opportunity to create membranes of adapted separation behavior for small molecules in conditions of surrounding technical processes.
제올라이트 분리막: 조성 변경을 통한 분리막 성질의 조절
Hannes Richter,Marcus Weyd,Adrian Simon,Jan-Thomas Kühnert,Christiane Günther,Ingolf Voigt,Alexander Michaelis 한국막학회 2017 멤브레인 Vol.27 No.6
분리막을 이용한 분리 기술은 에너지 소요가 적다. 제올라이트를 기반으로 제작한 분리막의 경우, 결정 구조 내에 작은 분자 크기의 기공을 갖고 있어 이를 이용하여 가혹한 조건에서도 분리가 가능하기 때문에, 그 관심도가 높다. NaA (LTA 유형의 제올라이트) 제올라이트의 경우, 산업적으로 유기 용매에서 수분을 제거하는 데 많이 사용되는 데, 해당 기공 크기나 열적/수열안정성은 제올라이트 내부나 외부의 원소를 바꿔줌으로써 조절할 수 있다. 더 작은 0.28 nm 크기를 지닌 SOD 유형의 제올라이트의 경우, 수소나 물 분리에 적합하여 그 관심도가 높아지고 있으며, 이 제올라이트 유형 또한, 이온 교환과 같은 방법으로 성질을 변경할 수 있다. 제올라이트는 주변 기술 및 공정 조건에 맞게 작은 분자들을 적절하게 분리할 수 있는 분리막을 창출할 수 있다는 장점을 지닌 소재이다. Membrane separation is a technology of low energy consumption. Membranes made of zeolites are of great interest because their fixed and open pores in the size of small molecules inside crystalline structures allow separation processes under harsh conditions. While zeolite NaA (LTA-type) is industrially used for dewatering of organic solvents, its pore size and thermal and hydrothermal stability can be tuned by exchange of framework and extra-framework elements. SOD with pores of only 0.28 nm is of great interest for H2- und H2O-separation and also can be tuned by ion exchange. Zeolites open the opportunity to create membranes of adapted separation behavior for small molecules in conditions of surrounding technical processes.