http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
McBride, Richard D., II 성균관대학교 동아시아학술원 2010 Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.10 No.1
History of Korean Buddhism
The Evolution of Councils of Nobles in Silla Korea
McBride, Richard D., II 동국대학교 동국역사문화연구소 2015 동국사학 Vol.59 No.-
This study analyzes two related questions dealing with the early Korean state of Silla: What was the nature of councils of nobles in Silla? And how did these councils evolve as Silla adopted and adapted Chinese-style statecraft and bureaucratic systems? It separates Silla history into three periods: (1) 531 and before; (2) 531-647; and (3) 647-935. In the first period, nobles from regions the Silla capital, who were all “kings,” gathered to decide important matters. The rank-title taedŭng (grandee) emerged in the 520s or early 530s along with the expansion of Silla. In the second period, the Silla king instituted the position of sangdaedŭng (senior grandee) in 531 and entrusted him with the management of government affairs. Silla kings gradually organized Chinese-style regular offices and ministries to handle government affairs, which slowly decreased the need for councils of nobles. In the third period Silla kings instituted a Chinese-style board of grand councilors, an Administration Chamber, about 650. The senior grand councilor and this smaller assembly of high-ranking nobles, who were usually closely related to the royal family, dominated Silla government until the end of the dynasty.
McBride, Richard D., II 동국대학교 동국역사문화연구소 2019 동국사학 Vol.67 No.-
Silla King Sinmun (r. 681-692) faced his first challenge to royal authority in the Kim Hŭmdol rebellion. This is experience probably impressed upon him and his closest advisors that the implementation of a system granting symbolic authority and legitimacy was necessary to improve the position of the king vis-à-vis the nobility. King Sinmun, more than any other monarch of the mid-Silla period (654-780), endeavored to check the power of the hereditary nobility, cultivate autocratic rule, and legitimate its symbolic authority through the structured institution of Confucian ideals and norms articulated in the “Royal Regulations” (Wang zhi 王制) chapter of the Book of Rites (Li ji 禮記). Sinmun’s establishing patterns of appropriate royal rule as described in the “Royal Regulations” chapter are most clearly manifest in his implementation of an educational system, his organization of Silla into nine prefectures with a system of five sacred mountains, and his inauguration of an ancestral temple system.
What's in a word? Morphological awareness and vocabulary knowledge in three languages
MCBRIDE-CHANG, CATHERINE,TARDIF, TWILA,CHO, JEUNG-RYEUL,SHU, HUA,FLETCHER, PAUL,STOKES, STEPHANIE F.,WONG, ANITA,LEUNG, KAWAI Cambridge University Press 2008 APPLIED PSYCHOLINGUISTICS Vol.29 No.3
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Understanding how words are created is potentially a key component to being able to learn and understand new vocabulary words. However, research on morphological awareness is relatively rare. In this study, over 660 preschool-aged children from three language groups (Cantonese, Mandarin, and Korean speakers) in which compounding morphology is highly prevalent were tested on their abilities to manipulate familiar morphemes to create novel compound words as well as on a variety of early language and reasoning measures twice over the span of 9 months to 1 year. With Time 1 vocabulary knowledge, phonological processing, and reasoning skills controlled, morphological awareness predicted unique variance in Time 2 vocabulary knowledge across languages. Across languages, vocabulary knowledge also predicted unique variance in subsequent morphological awareness, with Time 1 morphological awareness controlled. Findings underscore the bidirectional bootstrapping of morphological awareness and vocabulary acquisition for languages in which lexical compounding is prominent, and suggest that morphological awareness may be practically important in predicting and fostering children's early vocabulary learning.</P>
Ŭisang’s Vow Texts: Koryŏ-period Imaginaire of Silla Hwaŏm Buddhism on the Ground?
McBride, Richard D., II 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원 2019 Seoul journal of Korean studies Vol.32 No.1
In narrative literature, the Silla monk Ŭisang 義湘 (625–702), who studied Huayan under Zhiyan 智嚴 (602–668) and was venerated as the founder of the Hwaŏm school 華嚴宗 in Silla Korea (ca. 300–935), is remembered as a devout practitioner of devotional Buddhism more than as an exegete. Aside from his famous Seal-diagram Symbolizing the Dharma Realm of the One Vehicle of the Avataṃsaka-sūtra (Hwaŏm ilsŭng pŏpkye to 華嚴一乘法界圖, T. 1887A), among the Buddhist literature of the Koryŏ (918–1392) period are preserved two vow texts attributed to Ŭisang: “Vow Made at White Flower Enlightenment Site” (Paekhwa toryang parwŏnmun 白花道場發願文) and “Vow on the One Vehicle” (Ilsŭng parwŏnmun 一乘發願文). Can these works be reliably attributed to Ŭisang? And if so, to what extent? Or should they be considered later works imagined by the Hwaŏm monastic community of the Koryŏ period that assert their authority by virtue of their claim to authorship by the Silla monk?
월드 리포트 - 교착 상태의 미국 고준위 방사성폐기물 처분사업
McBride, Michael F,Rotman, Robin M 한국원자력산업회의 2018 원자력산업 Vol.38 No.5
고준위 방사성폐기물 처분사업은 미 의회 내에서도 골치 아프고 민감한 문제로서 지난 몇 년간 아무 해결책 없이 손을 놓고 있는 상태이다. 교착 상태에 빠져 있는 이 문제는 올해 치러지는 선거가 끝난 후에나 해결책이 나올 수 있을 것으로 전망되고 있다.