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TESCHE, MATTHIAS,MÜ,LLER, DETLEF,GROSS, SILKE,ANSMANN, ALBERT,ALTHAUSEN, DIETRICH,FREUDENTHALER, VOLKER,WEINZIERL, BERNADETT,VEIRA, ANDREAS,PETZOLD, ANDREAS Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Tellus. Series B, Chemical and physical meteorolog Vol.63 No.4
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Lidar measurements of mixed dust/smoke plumes over the tropical Atlantic ocean were carried out during the winter campaign of SAMUM‐2 at Cape Verde. Profiles of backscatter and extinction coefficients, lidar ratios, and Ångström exponents related to pure biomass‐burning aerosol from southern West Africa were extracted from these observations. Furthermore, these findings were used as input for an inversion algorithm to retrieve microphysical properties of pure smoke. Seven measurement days were found suitable for the procedure of aerosol‐type separation and successive inversion of optical data that describe biomass‐burning smoke. We inferred high smoke lidar ratios of 87 ± 17 sr at 355 nm and 79 ± 17 sr at 532 nm. Smoke lidar ratios and Ångström exponents are higher compared to the ones for the dust/smoke mixture. These numbers indicate higher absorption and smaller sizes for pure smoke particles compared to the dust/smoke mixture. Inversion of the smoke data set results in mean effective radii of 0.22 ± 0.08 μm with individual results varying between 0.10 and 0.36 μm. The single‐scattering albedo for pure biomass‐burning smoke was found to vary between 0.63 and 0.89 with a very low mean value of 0.75 ± 0.07. This is in good agreement with findings of airborne in situ measurements which showed values of 0.77 ± 0.03. Effective radii from the inversion were similar to the ones found for the fine mode of the in situ size distributions.</P>
Interfacial Void Segregation of Cl in Cu-Sn Micro-Connects
Glenn Ross,Xiaoma Tao,Mikael Broas,Nikolai Mäntyoja,Vesa Vuorinen,Andreas Graff,Frank Altmann,Matthias Petzold,Mervi Paulasto-Kröckel 대한금속·재료학회 2017 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.13 No.4
A scanning transmission electron microscopy and an energy dispersiveX-ray analysis of one non-annealed and one annealed sample (423 Kfor 4 hours) was performed. The results showed small and large voidsappearing within the non-annealed and annealed samples respectively. In addition, chlorine segregated from the bulk into the voids. Ab initiocalculations determined the formation energies for dilute solutions ofchlorine and vacancies in Cu, Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5. Results suggest thatdilute solutions energetically favor vacancies, indicating a low chlorinesolubility and a driving force for segregation.