History and Current Situation of River Management using Physical Habitat Models in the U.S. and Japan

Sekine, Masahiko The Korean Society of Limnology 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.1

History of Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) Following the large reservoir and water development era of the mid-twentieth century in North America, resource agencies became concerned over the loss of many miles of riverine fish and wildlife resources in the arid western United States. Consequently, several western states began issuing rules for protecting existing stream resources from future depletions caused by accelerated water development. Many assessment methods appeared during the 1960's and early 1970's. These techniques were based on hydrologic analysis of the water supply and hydraulic considerations of critical stream channel segments, coupled with empirical observations of habitat quality and an understanding of riverine fish ecology. Following enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970, attention was shifted from minimum flows to the evaluation of alternative designs and operations of federally funded water projects. Methods capable of quantifying the effect of incremental changes in stream flow to evaluate a series of possible alternative development schemes were needed. This need led to the development of habitat versus discharge functions developed from life stage-specific relations for selected species, that is, fish passage, spawning, and rearing habitat versus flow for trout or salmon. During the late 1970's and early 1980's, an era of small hydropower development began. Hundreds of proposed hydropower sites in the Pacific Northwest and New England regions of the United States came under intensive examination by state and federal fishery management interests. During this transition period from evaluating large federal reservoirs to evaluating license applications for small hydropower, the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) was developed under the guidance of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).

History and Current Situation of River Management using Physical Habitat Models in the U.S. and Japan

( Masahiko Sekine ) 한국하천호수학회(구 한국육수학회) 2013 생태와 환경 Vol.46 No.1

History of Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) Following the large reservoir and water development era of the mid-twentieth century in North America, resource agencies became concerned over the loss of many miles of riverine fish and wildlife resources in the arid western United States. Consequently, several western states began issuing rules for protecting existing stream resources from future depletions caused by accelerated water development. Many assessment methods appeared during the 1960`s and early 1970`s. These techniques were based on hydrologic analysis of the water supply and hydraulic considerations of critical stream channel segments, coupled with empirical observations of habitat quality and an understanding of riverine fish ecology. Following enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1970, attention was shifted from minimum flows to the evaluation of alternative designs and operations of federally funded water projects. Methods capable of quantifying the effect of incremental changes in stream flow to evaluate a series of possible alternative development schemes were needed. This need led to the development of habitat versus discharge functions developed from life stage-specific relations for selected species, that is, fish passage, spawning, and rearing habitat versus flow for trout or salmon. During the late 1970`s and early 1980`s, an era of small hydropower development began. Hundreds of proposed hydropower sites in the Pacific Northwest and New England regions of the United States came under intensive examination by state and federal fishery management interests. During this transition period from evaluating large federal reservoirs to evaluating license applications for small hydropower, the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology (IFIM) was developed under the guidance of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS).

Adsorption of phosphate using calcined Mg3–Fe layered double hydroxides in a fixed-bed column study

XiaoFeng Sun,Tsuyoshi Imai,Masahiko Sekine,Takaya Higuchi,Koichi Yamamoto,Ariyo Kanno,Shiori Nakazono 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5

A granular calcined Mg3–Fe LDH adsorbent was prepared by using co-precipitation method under low super saturation condition. The characteristic of the adsorbent was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The continuous phosphate adsorption experiments were conducted in a glass fix-bed column. The results showed an increase in bed height and initial phosphate concentration improves the phosphate adsorption capacity probably due to the longer bed height allowing a longer empty bed contact time (EBCT) between the adsorbent and the adsorbate, meanwhile the higher initial phosphate concentration provides a higher driving force for the mass transfer; however, an increase in flow rate inhibits the phosphate adsorption due to the higher flow rate reduced the interaction time of the adsorbent in solution. The bed depth service time (BDST) model was found to predict the breakthrough curve well at a 0.024 L/h flow rate and 10 mg/L initial phosphate concentration using linear regression analysis. The Clark model was found to give a best fit to experiment data under various bed height, flow rate and initial phosphate concentration, followed by the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models using non-linear regression analysis. The reusability experiment was conducted using actual anaerobic sludge filtrate as adsorbate. The results indicated that the adsorbent still had good selectivity in an anions coexisting solution, high phosphate adsorption capacity, and acceptable desorption efficiency.

PROMOTING START UP OF UASB REACTORS BY ADDING OF WATER ABSORBING POLYMER

今井岡,FUKAGAWA, Masayuki,LIU, Jun,UKITA, Masao,SEKINE, Masahiko,NAKANISHI, Hiroshi 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1997 環境硏究 Vol.17 No.1

ABSTRACTWe have developed a new approach to enhance granulation by adding water absorbing polymer (WAP) particles into the inoculated digested sludge. In this study, the effect of adding WAP on formation of anaerobic granular sludge was evaluated in lab-scale UASB reactors using two typical synthetic wastewater, i.e. glucose of volatile fatty acid (VFA) mixture solution. In addition, side by side with the lab-scale experiment, a pilot-scale experiment using the VFA mixture was carried out to evaluate the availability of accelerated start-up by adding WAP. The development of granular sludge was significantly enhanced by adding WAP. Granules developed on glucose and VFAs had high methanogenic activities and good settleability. From results of lab-scale experiment, the recommended dosage of WAP was about 750 mg/l of reactor volume. The results, pilot-scale experiment, indicated the availability of accelerated start-up adding WAP.

연안어장의 환경변화가 수산자원량에 미치는 영향평가

李寅鐵(IN-CHEOL LEE),關根雅彦(MASAHIKO SEKINE) 한국해양공학회 2001 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.15 No.1

To predict the influence on fish stocks which were caused by environmental change in the fishing ground of shallow sea areas, we have developed the Shallow-Sea Ecological Model(SSEM) which that focuses on living organisms, especially fish and benthos. By applying the SSEM in the Seto-Inland Sea of Japan, we have simulated another aspect of influence on fish stocks that was caused by oxygen deficient water mass and nutrient loads. From the simulated result of the fish stocks, it was indicated that the stock of fish and benthos has shown a relative difference between the western sea and the eastern sea in the Seto-Inland Sea. According the to prediction, results of fish stocks that were caused by oxygen deficient water mass, it was estimated that the pelagicfish stock increases about 6 %, whereas the stocks of demersalfish and benthos decreases about 30% and 70 %, respectively. On the other hand, it seemed that there was an increased in the fish stocks of demersalfish and benthos in the eastern sea of Seto-Inland Sea by nutrient loads reduction.