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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Marsollier, Laurent (검색결과 2 건)
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Marsollier, Laurent,Brodin, Priscille,Jackson, Mary,Kordulá,ková,, Jana,Tafelmeyer, Petra,Carbonnelle, Etienne,Aubry, Jacques,Milon, Geneviè,ve,Legras, Pierre,André,, Jean-Paul Public Library of Science 2007 PLoS pathogens Vol.3 No.5
<▼1><P>The role of biofilms in the pathogenesis of mycobacterial diseases remains largely unknown. <I>Mycobacterium ulcerans,</I> the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer, a disfiguring disease in humans, adopts a biofilm-like structure in vitro and in vivo, displaying an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) that harbors vesicles. The composition and structure of the ECM differs from that of the classical matrix found in other bacterial biofilms. More than 80 proteins are present within this extracellular compartment and appear to be involved in stress responses, respiration, and intermediary metabolism. In addition to a large amount of carbohydrates and lipids, ECM is the reservoir of the polyketide toxin mycolactone, the sole virulence factor of M. ulcerans identified to date, and purified vesicles extracted from ECM are highly cytotoxic. ECM confers to the mycobacterium increased resistance to antimicrobial agents, and enhances colonization of insect vectors and mammalian hosts. The results of this study support a model whereby biofilm changes confer selective advantages to M. ulcerans in colonizing various ecological niches successfully, with repercussions for Buruli ulcer pathogenesis.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P><B/></P><P>Mycobacterium ulcerans is the etiologic agent of Buruli ulcer, a necrotic skin disease affecting humans living close to wetlands in tropical countries. This mycobacteria resides in water where it could colonize many ecological niches such as aquatic plants, herbivorous animals, and water bugs. The latter were shown to be able to transmit the bacteria to mammalian hosts. Here, we described that the bacilli could be structured with a thick envelope called the extracellular matrix (ECM). This peculiar coat contains in small vesicles a toxin named mycolactone, the main virulence factor of M. ulcerans. The ECM confers to the mycobacterium increased resistance to antimicrobial agents and plays a role in virulence. Indeed, a bacteria with ECM is more potent for colonization of insect vectors and mammalian hosts compared to bacteria. Unraveling the regulation of the production of the ECM together with the export of mycolactone will be an important step in developing new pharmacological approaches for the treatment of Buruli ulcer, which has been greatly handicapped by the lack of effectiveness of the current antibiotics.</P></▼2>
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Risk Factors for Buruli Ulcer: A Case Control Study in Cameroon
Pouillot, Ré,gis,Matias, Gonç,alo,Wondje, Christelle Mbondji,Portaels, Franç,oise,Valin, Nadia,Ngos, Franç,ois,Njikap, Adelaï,de,Marsollier, Laurent,Fontanet, Arnaud,Eyango Public Library of Science 2007 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.1 No.3
<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Buruli ulcer is an infectious disease involving the skin, caused by <I>Mycobacterium ulcerans</I>. This disease is associated with areas where the water is slow-flowing or stagnant. However, the exact mechanism of transmission of the bacillus and the development of the disease through human activities is unknown.</P><P><B>Methodology/Principal Findings</B></P><P>A case-control study to identify Buruli ulcer risk factors in Cameroon compared case-patients with community-matched controls on one hand and family-matched controls on the other hand. Risk factors identified by the community-matched study (including 163 pairs) were: having a low level of education, swamp wading, wearing short, lower-body clothing while farming, living near a cocoa plantation or woods, using adhesive bandages when hurt, and using mosquito coils. Protective factors were: using bed nets, washing clothes, and using leaves as traditional treatment or rubbing alcohol when hurt. The family-matched study (including 118 pairs) corroborated the significance of education level, use of bed nets, and treatment with leaves.</P><P><B>Conclusions/Significance</B></P><P>Covering limbs during farming activities is confirmed as a protective factor guarding against Buruli ulcer disease, but newly identified factors including wound treatment and use of bed nets may provide new insight into the unknown mode of transmission of <I>M. ulcerans</I> or the development of the disease.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Buruli ulcer (BU) is a neglected tropical infectious disease caused by <I>Mycobacterium ulcerans</I>. While BU is associated with areas where the water is slow-flowing or stagnant, the exact mechanism of transmission of the bacillus is unknown, impairing efficient control programs. Two hypotheses are proposed in the literature: previous trauma at the lesion site, and transmission through aquatic insect bites. Using results from a face-to-face questionnaire, our study compared characteristics from Cameroonian patients with Buruli ulcer to people without Buruli ulcer. This latter group of people was chosen within the community or within the family of case patients. The statistical analysis confirmed some well-known factors associated with the presence of BU, such as wearing short lower-body clothing while farming, but it showed that the use of bed nets and the treatment of wounds with leaves is less frequent in case patients. These newly identified factors may provide new insight into the mode of transmission of <I>M. ulcerans</I>. The implication of domestic or peridomestic insects, suggested by the influence of the use of bed nets, should be confirmed in specific studies.</P></▼2>
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