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Functional assessment of respiratory muscles and lung capacity of CrossFit athletes
Saulo Cesar Vallin Fabrin,Marcelo Palinkas,Evandro Marianetti Fioco,Guilherme Gallo Costa Gomes,Eloisa Maria Gatti Regueiro,Gabriel Pádua da Silva,Selma Siéssere,Edson Donizetti Verri,Simone Cecilio H 한국운동재활학회 2023 JER Vol.19 No.1
CrossFit is a high-intensity training related to physical fitness and respiratory capacity that can promote changes in lung function. This crosssectional study was aimed at evaluating respiratory muscle strength, electromyographic (EMG) activity, and lung capacity in CrossFit athletes. Thirty subjects aged between 25 and 35 years were divided into groups: CrossFit athletes (n= 15) and sedentary individuals without comorbidities (n= 15). Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, lung capacity, and EMG of the sternocleidomastoid, serratus anterior, external intercostal, and diaphragm muscles at respiratory rest, maximal inspiration and expiration, and respiratory cycle. Data were tabulated and subjected to statistical analyses (t-test and Spearman test, P< 0.05). Respiratory muscle strength on EMG of the sternocleidomastoid, serratus, external intercostal, and diaphragm muscles at the respiratory cycle and maximal forced inspiration and expiration were higher in the CrossFit athletes group than in the sedentary group without comorbidities. CrossFit athlete group showed significantly strong positive correlation between maximal inspiratory and expiratory muscle strengths (Spearman rho= 0.903, P= 0.000), with increasing muscle strength during inspiration favoring an increase in strength during expiration. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) also showed a significantly high positive correlation (Spearman rho= 0.912, P= 0.000) in the CrossFit athletes group, showing that higher FVC favors higher FEV1. The results of this study suggest that improved fitness is based on increased respiratory muscle strength on EMG in CrossFit athletes.
Han, Kap-Hoon,Chun, Yoon-Hee,de Castro Pimentel Figueiredo, Bá,rbara,Soriani, Frederico Marianetti,Savoldi, Marcela,Almeida, Agostinho,Rodrigues, Fernando,Cairns, Charlie Timothy,Bignell, Elaine Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Molecular microbiology Vol.75 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>Carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) and its hydration product bicarbonate (HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>) are essential molecules in various physiological processes of all living organisms. The reversible interconversion between CO<SUB>2</SUB> and HCO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP> is in equilibrium. This reaction is slow without catalyst, but can be rapidly facilitated by Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>-metalloenzymes named carbonic anhydrases (CAs). To gain an insight into the function of multiple clades of fungal CA, we chose to investigate the filamentous fungi <I>Aspergillus fumigatus</I> and <I>A. nidulans</I>. We identified four and two CAs in <I>A. fumigatus</I> and <I>A. nidulans</I>, respectively, named <I>cafA-D</I> and <I>canA-B</I>. The <I>cafA</I> and <I>cafB</I> genes are constitutively, strongly expressed whereas <I>cafC</I> and <I>cafD</I> genes are weakly expressed but CO<SUB>2</SUB>-inducible. Heterologous expression of the <I>A. fumigatus cafB</I>, and <I>A. nidulans canA</I> and <I>canB</I> genes completely rescued the high CO<SUB>2</SUB>-requiring phenotype of a <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>&Dgr;<I>nce103</I> mutant. Only the &Dgr;<I>cafA</I>&Dgr;<I>cafB</I> and &Dgr;<I>canB</I> deletion mutants were unable to grow at 0.033% CO<SUB>2</SUB>, of which growth defects can be restored by high CO<SUB>2</SUB>. Defects in the CAs can affect <I>Aspergilli</I> conidiation. Furthermore, <I>A. fumigatus</I>&Dgr;<I>cafA</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafB</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafC</I>, &Dgr;<I>cafD</I> and &Dgr;<I>cafA</I>&Dgr;<I>cafB</I> mutant strains are fully virulent in a low-dose murine infection.</P>