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Maria Margareth V. Naves,Aline M. Alves-Santos,Monik Mariele de A. Silva,Camilla Alves P. Rodrigues,Thatyane Mariano R. de Albuquerque,Evandro Leite de Souza 한국식품영양과학회 2024 Journal of medicinal food Vol.27 No.2
Pequi is a native and popular fruit in Cerrado biome. The internal yellow-orange mesocarp is the ediblefraction of the fruit, but its shell (peel and external mesocarp), which comprises 80% of the fruit, is not used by the agroindustryduring fruit processing. There is a growing interest in the reduction of food loss and waste because of environmental,economic, and social impacts. So this study evaluated the chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and in vitro prebioticactivity of pequi shell flour. Pequi shell flour was obtained from the lyophilization and milling of pequi shell. The content ofdietary fibers, oligosaccharides, sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and tannins, polyphenol profile, and antioxidant capacitywas determined in pequi shell flour. In addition, its prebiotic activity was evaluated on growth and metabolism of probioticsLactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains. Pequi shell flour has a high content of dietary fibers (47.92 g/100 g), soluble fibers(18.65 g/100 g), raffinose (2.39 g/100 g), and phenolic compounds (14,062.40 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g). For the firsttime, the polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, and procyanidin B2 were identified in this by-product. Pequi shellflour promoted greater growth of Lacticaseibacillus casei L-26 (at 24–48 h) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12,as well as higher prebiotic activity scores than fructooligosaccharides (standard prebiotic). Pequi shell flour is rich in prebioticcompounds and has a high antioxidant and prebiotic potential. The promising results encourage its use as an ingredient withantioxidant and potential prebiotic properties to elaborate new functional foods and nutraceuticals.
Cytotoxic, Trypanocidal, and Antifungal Activities of Eugenia jambolana L.
Karla K.A. dos Santos,Edinardo F.F. Matias,Saulo R. Tintino,Celestina E.S. Souza,Maria F.B.M. Braga,Gla´ucia M.M. Guedes,Miriam Rolo´n,Celeste Vega,Antonieta Rojas de Arias,Jose´ G.M. Costa,Irwin A. M 한국식품영양과학회 2012 Journal of medicinal food Vol.15 No.1
Chagas’ disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is considered a public health problem. Nowadays, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this disease, and the drugs currently used, nifurtimox and benzonidazole, present high toxicity levels. Alternatives for replacing these drugs are natural extracts from Eugenia jambolana, a plant used in traditional medicine because of its antimicrobial and biological activities. An ethanol extract from E. jambolana was prepared. To research in vitro anti-epimastigote activity, T. cruzi CL-B5 clone was used. Epimastigotes were inoculated at a concentration of 1 · 105/mL in 200 lL of tryptose-liver infusion. For the cytotoxicity assay J774 macrophages were used. To examine antifungal activity, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei were used. This is the first record of trypanocide activity for E. jambolana. The effective concentration capable of killing 50% of the parasites was 56.42 lg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration was £ 1,024 lg/mL. Metronidazole showed a potentiation of its antifungal effect when combined with the ethanol extract of E. jambolana. Thus our results indicate that E. jambolana could be a source of plantderived natural products with anti-epimastigote and antifungal modifying activity with moderate toxicity.
Adolescent Screen Use: Problematic Internet Use and the Impact of Gender
Sheila Rejane Niskier,Lindsey A. Snaychuk,Hyoun S. Kim,Thiago T. da Silva,Maria Sylvia de Souza Vitalle,Hermano Tavares 대한신경정신의학회 2024 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.21 No.1
Objective The relationship between screen use and problematic internet use (PIU; i.e., internet addiction) amongst adolescents has not been sufficiently explored. Further, there is even less research on how gender is associated with this relationship. The goal of the study was to examine adolescent screen use, PIU, and its impact on day-to-day routines of adolescents.Methods Participants were recruited from an outpatient pediatric clinic in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 180 adolescents completed questionnaires related to their screen use, extracurricular activities, and symptoms of PIU. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to determine correlates and predictors of PIU, and to explore gender differences.Results A total of 26.1% of adolescents met the criteria for PIU. There were no significant differences between boys and girls in PIU severity. However, there were significant gender differences in preferred use of the Internet, with boys being more likely to access the Internet to play video games (odds ratio [OR]=27.1) and girls being more likely to socialize with friends (OR=4.51). PIU severity increased proportionally to the number of hours of use of all screen devices with moderate-to-large effect sizes (η2=0.060–0.157). Using screens during meals and missing extracurricular activities were both associated with PIU.Conclusion Though gender was not associated with PIU, both excessive use of screen devices during meals and neglect of offline extracurriculars activities were identified as risk factors for PIU. Prevention measures should consider the impact of gender and associated patterns of motivation and Internet use.