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Malaviya, Alok,Jang, Yu-Sin,Lee, Sang Yup Springer-Verlag 2012 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.93 No.4
<P>Butanol, a four-carbon primary alcohol (C4H10O), is an important industrial chemical and has a good potential to be used as a superior biofuel. Bio-based production of butanol from renewable feedstock is a promising and sustainable alternative to substitute petroleum-based fuels. Here, we report the development of a process for butanol production from glycerol, which is abundantly available as a byproduct of biodiesel production. First, a hyper butanol producing strain of Clostridium pasteurianum was isolated by chemical mutagenesis. The best mutant strain, C. pasteurianum MBEL_GLY2, was able to produce 10.8 g l(-1) butanol from 80 g l(-1) glycerol as compared to 7.6 g l(-1) butanol produced by the parent strain. Next, the process parameters were optimized to maximize butanol production from glycerol. Under the optimized batch condition, the butanol concentration, yield, and productivity of 17.8 g l(-1), 0.30 g g(-1), and 0.43 g l(-1) h(-1) could be achieved. Finally, continuous fermentation of C. pasteurianum MBEL_GLY2 with cell recycling was carried out using glycerol as a major carbon source at several different dilution rates. The continuous fermentation was run for 710 h without strain degeneration. The acetone-butanol-ethanol productivity and the butanol productivity of 8.3 and 7.8 g l(-1) h(-1), respectively, could be achieved at the dilution rate of 0.9 h(-1). This study reports continuous production of butanol with reduced byproducts formation from glycerol using C. pasteurianum, and thus could help design a bioprocess for the improved production of butanol.</P>
Zygomaticomaxillary buttress and its dilemma
Pallavi Malaviya,Sandeep Choudhary 대한구강악안면외과학회 2018 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.44 No.4
Zygomatic fractures are the second most common fractures of the facial skeleton, after nasal bone fractures. Due to its uniqueness, the malar bone plays a very important role in maintaining appropriate facial contours. Zygomatic fractures can cause ocular and mandibular functional impairment, along with cosmetic defects. With the help of advanced imaging techniques and various treatment options, the management of zygomatic fractures has become more sophisticated and less invasive. This article discusses zygomatic fractures in detail: their clinical and radiographic features, and the various treatment options available.
Jang, Yu-Sin,Lee, Joungmin,Malaviya, Alok,Seung, Do Young,Cho, Jung Hee,Lee, Sang Yup Wiley 2012 Biotechnology journal Vol.7 No.2
<P>Biofuel from renewable biomass is one of the answers to help solve the problems associated with limited fossil resources and climate change. Butanol has superior liquid-fuel characteristics, with similar properties to gasoline, and thus, has the potential to be used as a substitute for gasoline. Clostridia are recognized as a good butanol producers and are employed in the industrial-scale production of solvents. Due to the difficulty of performing genetic manipulations on clostridia, however, strain improvement has been rather slow. Furthermore, complex metabolic characteristics of acidogenesis followed by solventogenesis in this strain have hampered the development of engineered clostridia strains with highly efficient and selective butanol-production capabilities. In recent years, the butanol-producing characteristics in clostridia have been further characterized and alternative pathways discovered. More recently, systems-level metabolic engineering approaches were taken to develop superior strains. Herein, we review recent discoveries of metabolic pathways for butanol production and the metabolic engineering strategies being developed.</P>