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Muhammad Fiayyaz,Khalid Mahmood Zia,Mohammad Zuber,Tahir Jamil,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Muhammad Asghar Jamal 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.4
Polyurethanes (PUs) prepolymers blended with bentonite nanoclay and without bentonite nanoclay wereprepared by the reaction of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) and hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), and thechain was further extended with 1,4-butane diol (1,4-BDO) to get final polyurethane nanocomposites (PUNC). A mixtureof polymer and bentonite clay enriched in montmorillonite (MMT) was formed in solution polymerization, in whichMMT dispersed depending on interaction of MMT with polymer chains. The molecular structure of the monomersand the prepared PU nanocomposites was confirmed by FTIR. A series of PUNCs were prepared by varying the percentcompositions of bentonite nanoclay into the PU matrix. The existence of the clay in to the PU was confirmed byscanning electron microscope (SEM). SEM images verified the good dispersion of the bentonite nanoclay in PU matrix.
Khosa, Muhammad Kaleem,Jamal, Muhammad Asghar,Hussain, Amira,Muneer, Majid,Zia, Khalid Mahmood,Hafeez, Samia Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.3
Electrocoagulation (EC) technique is applied for the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals ions such as nickle (Ni), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) by using sacrificial anodes corrode to release active coagulant flocs usually aluminium or iron cations into the solution. During electrolytic reactions hydrogen gas evolve at the cathode. All the experiments were carried out in Batch mode. The tank was filled with synthetic wastewater containing heavy metals and efficiency of electro-coagulation in combination with aluminum and iron electrodes were investigated for removal of such metals. Several parameters, such as contact time, pH, electro-coagulant concentration, and current density were optimized to achieve maximum removal efficiency (%). The concentrations of heavy metals were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). It is found that the electro-coagulation process has potential to be utilized for the cost-effective removal of heavy metals from wastewater specially using iron electrodes in terms of high removal efficiencies and operating cost.
Rubbia Iqbal,Muhammad Kaleem Khosa,Muhammad Asghar Jamal,Mazhar Hamid 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.2
A new series of polyimides having azomethine functionality in backbone was synthesized by two-stepspolycondensation method. Five substituted aromatic diamines--N-(4-aminobenzylidene)-2chloro-6-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine (DA1), N-(4-aminobenzylidene)-2-methoxybenzene-1,4-diamine (DA2), N-(4-aminobenzylidene)-2-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine (DA3), N-(4-aminobenzylidene)-3-methylbenzene-1,4-diamine (DA4) and N,(4-aminobenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzene-1,4-diamine (DA5)--were prepared and condensed with 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylicdianhydride (PTCDA) to obtain poly(azomethine imide). All synthesized polyimides PI(1-5) were fully characterizedby elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H-NMR, having amorphous nature and are soluble in dmac, dmf, and dmso, m-cresoldue to presence of azomethine functionality. The inherent viscosities and moisture absorption of all polyimides lie inthe range of 0.65-0.85 dL gm−1 and 0.68-0.82% respectively. Thermal stability was assessed by 10% weight loss temperatureand the degradation temperature of the resultant polymers falls in the ranges from 480-535 oC in nitrogen. Theglass transition temperature was in the range of 225-330 oC. Due to above mentioned attractive properties, polyimidebasedmaterial are attractive for processable high-performance engineering plastics and starting material for fabricationof new polymers.
Kashif Nauman,Muhammad Hayat Jaspal,Bilal Asghar,Adeel Manzoor,Kumayl Hassan Akhtar,Usman Ali,Sher Ali,Jamal Nasir,Muhammad Sohaib,Iftikhar Hussain Badar 한국축산식품학회 2022 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.42 No.1
This trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of overwrap, vacuum, and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on poultry breast fillets' microbiological, biochemical shelf life and sensory attributes. The fillets were divided into 4 groups, and each of the treatments was replicated 3 times with 60 breast fillets. The first group was a control group with overwrap packaging; the second group was vacuum packed (VP); the third and fourth groups were MAP-1: 0% O2, 40% CO2, 60% N2, and MAP-2: 20% O2, 40% CO2, 40% N2. The microbiological and biochemical analyses were performed for the total viable count, coliform count, Pseudomonas count, Salmonella count, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), pH, cooking loss, color, lipid oxidation, tenderness, and sensory analysis. The data were analysed through two-way ANOVA by Minitab (Minitab 17.3.1). Meat treated with understudy MAP compositions and vacuum packaging reduced total viable count, Pseudomonas count, and total coliform count than control (p<0.05). TVB-N remained below the recommended limit throughout storage except aerobic packaging (p<0.05). Cooking loss (%) was lowered and showed non-significant results (p>0.05) between vacuum packaging and both MAP concentrations. The meat stored in MAP-2 was characterised by higher (p<0.05) visual scores. Whilst MAP-1 showed higher (p<0.05) L* values and overall acceptability. Sample packaged under aerobic packaging showed significant (p<0.05) results for b* and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Meat stored in aerobic packaging showed higher (p<0.05) shear force values. The outcome of this trial may help to promote the application of understudy MAP compositions and rapid detection of microbes by biochemical analysis under local conditions.
AMMAR BIN YOUSAF,Muhammad Imran,MAJID KHAN,Muhammad Usman,MUHAMMAD ASGHAR JAMAL 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.8
The infuence of particle size on density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity of magnetite nanofuids have been determined at (298.15 K, 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K). Two diferent sized nanoparticles (commercially procured D=20–30 nm and synthesized D=9± 3 nm in the laboratory by co-precipitation method) were dispersed in a citric acid base fuid. The desired parameters have been experimentally determined by loading diferent concentrations of nanoparticles. It has been found that the infuence of particle size and temperature on measured physical parameters (density, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity) is not negligible and can also be taken into account in any practical application. The analyzed physical parameters can describe qualitatively and quantitatively the particle size distribution of nanofuids at a specifc temperature. Results are interpreted in terms of particle–particle and particle–fuid interactions.