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Haque, Md Mozammel,Biswas, Jatish Chandra,Waghmode, Tatoba R.,Kim, Pil Joo CSIRO Publishing 2016 Soil research Vol.54 No.3
<P> Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) is cultivated during the cold fallow season in paddy soils of temperate countries such as South Korea and Japan, mostly as animal feed and green manure. Information on the effect of ageing of hairy vetch incorporation in relation to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) is not available. Therefore, hairy vetch biomass of ages 183, 190, 197, and 204 days was incorporated in paddy soil to estimate GWP during rice cultivation. The emission rates of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases were monitored once a week by using the closed-chamber method. The net ecosystem carbon budget was used to estimate pure CO2 emission fluxes. Biomass production of hairy vetch was 6.5 Mg ha-1 at 204 days, which was similar to other treatments. The GWP was lower with the 204-day-old vetch biomass incorporation than with other treatments. High content of cellulose and lignin in 204-day-old hairy vetch might have affected decomposition rate and subsequently reduced GHGs emissions during rice cultivation. Our results suggest that hairy vetch can be allowed to grow for 204 days before incorporation at 3 Mg ha-1 without sacrificing rice yield, while maximising biomass production and minimising GWP during rice cultivation. </P>
Effect of early and delay starting of enteral feeding in post-pancreaticoduodenectomy patients
Bidhan C. Das,Mozammel Haque,Mohammad Saief Uddin,Md. Nur-E-Elahi,Zulfiqur Rahman Khan 한국간담췌외과학회 2019 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.23 No.1
E Backgrounds/Aims: This study was undertaken to see the effect of early starting of enteral feeding after pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The results were compared with existing nutritional practice in which enteral feeding started, usually after 7 to 8 postoperative day (PODs) in our institute. Methods: Thirty patients whome underwent a PD from January 2016 to December 2016 were included in the study. They were divided into two groups, I and II. In group I (n=15), enteral feeding was started from the 2<SUP>nd</SUP> POD through the nasojejunal feeding tube along with parenteral partial nutrition support. In group II (n=15), no enteral feeding was given up to seventh and eighth PODs, except the perenteral feeding. Post-operatively, serum albumin levels, total lymphocyte count, total bilirubin levels, serum alkaline phosphate levels were measured for two weeks postoperatively in all the patients for assessing nutritional, immunological and cholestasis status. The mortality, morbidity and lengths of post-operative hospital stay were also recorded. Results: Postoperatively, the serum albumin level and lymphocyte count decreased from the pre-operative level on the third POD and it gradually increased from the seventh POD onwards in both groups. However, they remained persistently higher in group I than group II. The total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase decreased to normal levels within the seventh POD in Group I. However, they remained higher than normal levels on POD 14 in Group II. The morbidity and hospital stay was significantly lower in group I than group II. Conclusions: Early enteral feeding should be considered after PD. This is because it will improve nutritional, immunological status and cholestasis. Therefore, it reduces morbidity and shortens the hospital stay.
Effect of cover cropping on the net global warming potential of rice paddy soil
Hwang, Hyun Young,Kim, Gil Won,Kim, Sang Yoon,Mozammel Haque, Md.,Khan, Muhammad Israr,Kim, Pil Joo Elsevier 2017 Geoderma Vol.292 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In temperate rice paddy fields, winter cover cropping and its biomass application are strongly recommended to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and decrease global warming potential (GWP). However, its biomass application may increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane (CH<SUB>4</SUB>), during flooded rice cultivation. To evaluate the effect of cover cropping and its biomass application on the annual net GWP in a mono-rice cultivation system, we evaluated the emission rates of CH<SUB>4</SUB>, nitrous oxide (N<SUB>2</SUB>O), and carbon dioxide (CO<SUB>2</SUB>) under different cover cropping during the fallow and rice-growing seasons. In cover cropping treatments, barley, hairy vetch, and a barley and hairy vetch mixture were cultivated as winter cover crops without fertilization during the fallow season. Moreover, the total aboveground biomass was incorporated as a green manure one week before rice transplanting. The recommended levels of chemical fertilizers were applied for rice cultivation in the control treatment (NPK) for comparison. The emission rates of CH<SUB>4</SUB>, soil respiration, and N<SUB>2</SUB>O gases were simultaneously monitored once a week using the closed-chamber method. However, the soil respiration fluxes included only soil respiration and excluded soil C sequestration through cover cropping and its biomass recycling. The net ecosystem C budget (NECB), which is defined as the difference between the total organic C input and output, was estimated to ascertain the pure soil respiration emission fluxes by mass balance approach. Finally, the net GWP was compared among treatments for the two cultivation seasons. During the dry fallow season, cover cropping significantly increased the soil respiration, and this treatment mineralized C loss significantly increased the seasonal net GWP. In comparison, the cover crop biomass application as green manure increased the soil C balance (NECB) during the rice growing season but more significantly increased the CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission. As a result, the cover cultivation and its biomass application greatly increased the annual net GWP scale upon cover cropping rice paddy soil. Therefore, soil management practices that can decrease CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission during rice cultivation should be adopted in cover cropping of the rice paddy soil.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Cover cropping was very effective to increase soil C stock in rice paddy. </LI> <LI> Cover crop biomass application increased more highly CH<SUB>4</SUB> emission during rice cultivation. </LI> <LI> Cover cropping increased more highly the annual net GWP value than soil C stock. </LI> </UL> </P>
Kim, Gun-Yeob,Gutierrez, Jessie,Jeong, Hyun-Cheol,Lee, Jong-Sik,Haque, Md. Mozammel,Kim, Pil Joo The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2014 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.57 No.2
Although intermittent drainage is regarded as a key factor to reduce methane ($CH_4$) emission from paddy soil during rice cultivation, it also could increase nitrous oxide ($N_2O$) emission. However, the effects of intermittent drainage on $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ emissions with different global warming potential (GWP) values have not been well examined. In the present study, the effect of a 26-day intermittent drainage from the $34^{th}$ day after transplanting (DAT) to the $60^{th}$ DAT on two greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes and yield properties were compared with those of a continuous flooding system under different fertilization (NPK as control, PK, and NPK+straw) during rice cultivation. The effect of intermittent drainage on changing two GHG emissions was compared using the GWP value, calculated as $CO_2$ equivalents by multiplying 25 and 298 to the seasonal $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ fluxes, respectively. Under the same irrigation condition, addition of nitrogen to PK significantly increased seasonal $CH_4$ and $N_2O$ fluxes, and addition of straw to NPK increased $CH_4$ and $N_2O$. Irrespective with fertilization background, the intermittent drainage significantly reduced the total GWP by ca. 41-70% as affected by the big reduction of seasonal $CH_4$ fluxes by ca. 43-53% to that of the continuous flooding even with an increase of seasonal $N_2O$ emissions by ca. 16-43%. Rice productivity was not significantly different between the two different irrigation systems under same fertilization background. As a result, total GWP per grain yield was significantly lower in all fertilization treatments with intermittent drainage compared with continuous flooding.