Experimental infection of mandarin duck with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N8 and H5N1) viruses

Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Song, B.M.,Heo, G.B.,Jung, J.,Jang, I.,Bae, Y.C.,Jung, S.C.,Lee, Y.J. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2017 Veterinary microbiology Vol.198 No.-

<P>A highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus was first detected in poultry and wild birds in South Korea in January 2014. Here, we determined the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three different clades of 1-15 viruses in mandarin ducks to examine the potential for wild bird infection. H5N8 (Glade 2.3.4.4) replicated more efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of mandarin ducks than two previously identified H5N1 virus clades (clades 2.2 and 2.3.2.1). However, none of the mandarin ducks infected with H5N8 and H5N1 viruses showed severe clinical signs or mortality, and gross lesions were only observed in a few tissues. Viral replication and shedding were greater in H5N8-infected ducks than in H5N1-infected ducks. Recovery of all viruses from control duck in contact with infected ducks indicated that the highly pathogenic H5 viruses spread horizontally through contact. Taken together, these results suggest that H5N8 viruses spread efficiently in mandarin ducks. Further studies of pathogenicity in wild birds are required to examine possible long-distance dissemination via migration routes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Supplemented vaccination with tandem repeat M2e virus-like particles enhances protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses in chickens

Song, B.M.,Kang, H.M.,Lee, E.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, M.C.,Lee, Y.N.,Kang, S.M.,Lee, Y.J. Butterworths ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Vaccine Vol.34 No.5

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 viruses derived from A/Goose/Guangdong/1/96 have been continuously circulating globally, severely affecting the public health and poultry industries. The matrix 2 protein ectodomain (M2e) is considered a promising candidate for a universal cross-protective influenza vaccine that provides more effective control over HPAI H5 viruses harboring variant hemagglutinin (HA)-antigens. Here, we evaluated the protective efficacy of a tandem repeat construct of heterologous M2e presented on virus-like particles (M2e5x VLPs) either alone or as a supplement against HPAI H5 viruses in a chicken model. Chickens immunized with M2e5x VLPs alone induced M2e-specific antibodies but were not protected against HPAI H5. The homo- and cross-protective efficacy of M2e5x VLP-supplemented vaccination of chickens was also examined. Importantly, supplementation with M2e5x VLPs induced significantly higher levels of antibodies specific for M2e and different viruses as well as provided improved protection against homologous and heterologous HPAI H5 viruses. Considering the limited efficacy of inactivated vaccines, supplement vaccination with M2e5x VLPs may be an effective measure for preventing outbreaks of HPAI viruses that have the ability to constantly change their antigenic properties in poultry.

Syntheses and biological evaluation of 1-heteroaryl-2-aryl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives as c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitors with neuroprotective effects

Kim, M.h.,Lee, J.,Jung, K.,Kim, M.,Park, Y.J.,Ahn, H.,Kwon, Y.H.,Hah, J.M. Elsevier/Pergamon 2013 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry Vol.21 No.8

1-Heteroaryl-2-aryl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized as inhibitors of c-Jun N-terminal kinases, JNK3. Their activities were evaluated through measurement of K<SUB>d</SUB> using SPR, JNK3 kinase assay, and cell-viability of human neuroblastoma cells. Most tested compounds showed high affinity (10μM-46nM) to JNK3. Among them, compound 16f exhibited potent activities (K<SUB>d</SUB>=46nM). Especially, 16f was also found to present a potent cell protective effect (IC<SUB>50</SUB>=1.09μM) against toxicity induced by anisomycin, showing a possibility as protective therapeutics in neuronal cell apoptosis.

Ex situ catalytic upgrading of lignocellulosic biomass components over vanadium contained H-MCM-41 catalysts

Kim, B.S.,Jeong, C.S.,Kim, J.M.,Park, S.B.,Park, S.H.,Jeon, J.K.,Jung, S.C.,Kim, S.C.,Park, Y.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2016 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.265 No.-

<P>H-V-MCM-41 catalysts containing 5, 10, and 30 wt% of vanadium were synthesized and applied to the ex situ catalytic pyrolysis (CP) of three polymeric components of lignocellulosic biomass for the first time. Characterization of the catalysts was performed using N-2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, FT-IR, and NH3-TPD. The results of XRD analysis showed that 5 wt% and 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 catalysts maintained the mesoporous structure, whereas the mesoporous structure was destroyed in 30 wt% H-V-MCM-41 with considerable amount of small V2O5 crystalline outside the framework. NH3-TPD showed that H-V-MCM-41 has mostly weak acid sites and that 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 had the largest quantity of acid sites due to framework vanadium. In the case of CP of cellulose using Py-GC/MS, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 showed the highest catalytic activity for the production of valuable furanic compounds such as furfural because of the enhanced deoxygenation over the acid sites formed on framework vanadium. In the case of CP of xylan as well, 10 wt% H-V-MCM-41 led to the largest yield of mono-aromatics. The production of acetic acid was also promoted by H-V-MCM-41 catalysts. The CP of lignin over H-V-MCM-41 catalysts promoted substantially the production of important feedstock chemicals for the petrochemical industry: phenolics and mono-aromatics. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

NFATc4 and ATF3 Negatively Regulate Adiponectin Gene Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Kim, H. B.,Kong, M.,Kim, T. M.,Suh, Y. H.,Kim, W.-H.,Lim, J. H.,Song, J. H.,Jung, M. H. American Diabetes Association 2006 Diabetes Vol.55 No.5

<P>Expression of adiponectin decreases with obesity and insulin resistance. At present, the mechanisms responsible for negatively regulating adiponectin expression in adipocytes are poorly understood. In this investigation, we analyzed the effects of 5' serial deletion constructs on the murine adiponectin promoter. Here, we identified the repressor region located between -472 and -313 bp of the promoter. Removal of the putative nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFATs) binding site increased the promoter activity, and overexpression of NFATc4 reduced the promoter activity. Treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187, an activator of NFAT, reduced mRNA as well as promoter activity. The binding of NFATc4 to the promoter was associated with increased recruitment of histone deacetylase 1 and reduced acetylation of histone H3 at the promoter site. In addition, binding of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) to the putative activator protein-1 site located adjacent to the NFAT binding site also repressed the promoter activity. Treatment with thapsigargin, an inducer of ATF3, reduced both mRNA and promoter activity. Importantly, the binding activities of NFATc4 and ATF3, increased significantly in white adipose tissues of ob/ob and db/db mice compared with controls. Taken together, this study demonstrates for the first time that NFATc4 and ATF3 function as negative regulators of adiponectin gene expression, which may play critical roles in downregulating adiponectin expression in obesity and type 2 diabetes.</P>

22 H. pylori 감염시 NSAID의 항암 효과에 대한 실험적 증거

김도현 ( D. H. Kim ),이기명 ( K. M. Lee ),박현진 ( H. J. Park ),최찬임 ( C. I. Chor ),원명이 ( M. I. Won ),김인혜 ( I. H. Kim ),정재연 ( J. H. Jung ),유병무 ( B. M. Yoo ),김진홍 ( J. H. Kim ),조성원 ( S. W. Cho ),함기백 ( K. B. Hahm 대한소화기학회 2002 대한소화기학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2002 No.-

Interconversion between cyclodimer and cyclotrimer: Synthesis and characterization of cyclo-[Pd(II)Cl₂(N-N)] complexes

Kang, H.J.,Noh, T.H.,Na, Y.M.,Yoo, K.H.,Jung, O.S. Elsevier Sequoia [etc.] 2009 Inorganica chimica acta Vol.362 No.6

The reaction of (COD)PdCl<SUB>2</SUB> (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) with (3-Py)<SUB>2</SUB>SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB> (3-Py=3-pyridyl; R<SUB>1</SUB>=Ph, R<SUB>2</SUB>=Ph (m-pdps); R<SUB>1</SUB>=Ph, R<SUB>2</SUB>=Me (m-pmps)) in acetone affords single crystals consisting of cyclodimers, [PdCl<SUB>2</SUB>((3-Py)<SUB>2</SUB>SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB>)]<SUB>2</SUB>, whereas the same reaction in a mixture of dichloromethane and ethanol yields amorphous spheres consisting of cyclotrimers, [PdCl<SUB>2</SUB>((3-Py)<SUB>2</SUB>SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB>)]<SUB>3</SUB>. In a boiling chloroform solution, the cyclodimers are completely converted to cyclotrimers. These cyclotrimers, in the 10-60<SUP>o</SUP>C range, are partly returned to cyclodimers. By contrast, the reaction of (COD)PdCl<SUB>2</SUB> with (3-Py)<SUB>2</SUB>SiR<SUB>1</SUB>R<SUB>2</SUB> (R<SUB>1</SUB>=Bu, R<SUB>2</SUB>=Me (m-pbms); R<SUB>1</SUB>=dodecyl, R<SUB>2</SUB>=Me (m-pddms)) yields amorphous spheres consisting of cyclotrimers irrespective of solvents. Both [PdCl<SUB>2</SUB>(m-pbms)]<SUB>3</SUB> and [PdCl<SUB>2</SUB>(m-pddms)]<SUB>3</SUB> are initially cyclotrimers in chloroform, but they exist as a mixture of cyclodimers and cyclotrimers in solution in the 10-60<SUP>o</SUP>C range. The metallacycles tend to form cyclodimers in the order m-pdps>m-pmps>m-pbms>m-pddms. The equilibrium between cyclodimers and the cyclotrimers is sensitive to solvent, temperature, and concentration as well as molecular structure.

Inhibitory effect of chloroform on fermentative hydrogen and methane production from lipid-extracted microalgae

Yun, Y.M.,Cho, S.K.,Jung, K.W.,Kim, M.S.,Shin, H.S.,Kim, D.H. Pergamon Press 2014 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.39 No.33

To improve the sustainability of microalgae as a bioenergy feedstock, lipid-extracted microalgae (LEM) are often further treated by anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the residual chloroform used for extracting lipids as a solvent could inhibit this process, an aspect that has not been studied to date. In this study, the inhibitory effect of chloroform on H<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>4</SUB> production was investigated by performing batch tests. To prepare the feedstock, Chlorella vulgaris was ultrasonicated and the supernatant was discarded after centrifugation. In case of H<SUB>2</SUB> production, it was found that the H<SUB>2</SUB> yield fell to almost half that of the control (15.6 mL H<SUB>2</SUB>/g COD<SUB>added</SUB>) at 100 mg CHCl<SUB>3</SUB>/L. The reason for the decrease of the H<SUB>2</SUB> yield with the increase of chloroform level was due to the change of metabolites from acetate and butyrate to lactate via a non-hydrogenic reaction. In comparison with H<SUB>2</SUB> production, a much more severe inhibitory effect of chloroform on CH<SUB>4</SUB> production was observed. The inhibitor concentration (IC<SUB>30, 60, and 90</SUB>) on H<SUB>2</SUB> production was 138, 319, and 622 mg CHCl<SUB>3</SUB>/L, respectively, while concentrations of 15, 37, and 86 mg CHCl<SUB>3</SUB>/L were obtained on CH<SUB>4</SUB> production. When the chloroform concentration was ≥25 mg/L on CH<SUB>4</SUB> production, more than 2 g COD/L of organic acids remained, resulting in a decrease of CH<SUB>4</SUB> yield. These findings indicate that the residual chloroform in LEM should be seriously considered to prevent possible microbial inhibition when designing a process for additional energy recovery from microalgae via AD.

Cryopreservation induces macrophage colony stimulating factor from human periodontal ligament cells in vitro

Rhim, E.M.,Ahn, S.J.,Kim, J.Y.,Chang, Y.R.,Kim, K.H.,Lee, H.W.,Jung, S.H.,Kim, E.C.,Park, S.H. Academic Press 2013 Cryobiology Vol.67 No.2

Cryopreservation is used to protect vital periodontal ligaments during the transplantation of teeth. We investigated which gene products implicated in root resorption are upregulated in human periodontal ligament cells by cryopreservation, and whether cryopreservation affects the expression of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) in human periodontal ligament cells. We used customized microarrays to compare gene expression in human periodontal ligament cells cultured from teeth immediately after extraction and from cryopreserved teeth. Based on the result of these assays, we examined M-CSF expression in periodontal ligament cells from the immediately extracted tooth and cryopreserved teeth by real-time PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence. We also investigated whether human bone marrow cells differentiate into tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive osteoclasts when stimulated with RANKL (Receptor Activator for Nuclear Factor κ B Ligand) together with any secreted M-CSF present in the supernatants of the periodontal ligament cells cultured from the various groups of teeth. M-CSF was twofold higher in the periodontal ligament cells from the rapid freezing teeth than in those from the immediately extracted group (p<0.05). Cryopreservation increased M-CSF expression in the periodontal ligament cells when analyzed by real time PCR, ELISA, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence (p<0.05). TRAP positive osteoclasts were formed in response to RANKL and the secreted M-CSF present in the supernatants of all the experimental groups except negative control. These results demonstrate that cryopreservation promotes the production of M-CSF, which plays an important role in root resorption by periodontal ligament cells.

Enhanced dechlorination of m-DCB using ironχraphite/palladium (FeΓ/Pd) nanoparticles produced by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

Yu, Y.,Jung, H.J.,Je, M.,Choi, H.C.,Choi, M.Y. Pergamon Press 2016 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.155 No.-

In this work, the zero valent Fe (ZVI) and graphite-encapsulated Fe (FeΓ) nanoparticles (NPs) were easily and selectively prepared by a pulsed laser ablation (PLA) method in an aqueous sodium borohydride solution and ascorbic acid dissolved in methanol, respectively. Here, the FeΓ NPs were uniquely synthesized by PLA in methanol, where the solvent is used as both a carbon source for the graphitic layers and solvent, which is very unique. Furthermore, Pd NPs were loaded onto the surface of the FeΓ NPs to prepare bimetallic (FeΓ/Pd) NPs for the enhancement of the degradation efficiency of m-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB). The morphology, crystallinity, and surface composition of the prepared NPs were carefully characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The degradation rate of m-DCB using single (Fe and Pd) or bimetallic (Fe/Pd and FeΓ/Pd) NPs were compared by using gas chromatography. Among these NPs produced in this work, the FeΓ/Pd NPs with 1.71 wt % of Pd showed an excellent dechlorination efficiency for m-DCB with 100% degradation within 75 min. The graphitic layer on the Fe NPs played as not only an oxidation resistant for the Fe NPs to surroundings, but also a supporter of the Pd NPs for the enhanced degradation efficiency of m-DCB.