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Mazhar Abbas,M. Mumtaz Khan,M. Javed Iqbal,Rashid W. Khan 한국원예학회 2004 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.45 No.5
The effects of environmental treatments to rapidly shorten seed viability in fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgrraecum L.) were explored. Seed germination capacity, seedling vigor (measured as radicle length), and seed leachate conductivity were measured in relation to the ageing process. Artificial ageing significantly reduced the final germination percentage and radicle length. Loss of viability and declining vigor were associated with increased solute leakage. Germination percentage was reduced up to 58% after 7 days of artificial ageing compared to the non-aged control (100%). Following artificial ageing, radicle length was reduced from 0.73 to 0.23 ㎝. The results indicated that a reduction in seed viability and vigor followed by membrane disruption might play a considerable role in deterioration of fenugreek seeds.
Pach, Alfred,Tabbusam, Ghurnata,Khan, M Imran,Suhag, Zamir,Hussain, Imtiaz,Hussain, Ejaz,Mumtaz, Uzma,Haq, Inam Ul,Tahir, Rehman,Mirani, Amjad,Yousafzai, Aisha,Sahastrabuddhe, Sushant,Ochiai, R Leon,S Taylor Francis, Inc 2013 Journal of health communication Vol.18 No.3
<P>The authors conducted formative research (a) to identify stakeholders' concerns related to typhoid fever and the need for disease information and (b) to develop a communication strategy to inform stakeholders and address their concerns and motivate for support of a school-based vaccination program in Pakistan. Data were collected during interactive and semi-structured focus group discussions and interviews, followed by a qualitative analysis and multidisciplinary consultative process to identify an effective social mobilization strategy comprised of relevant media channels and messages. The authors conducted 14 focus group discussions with the parents of school-aged children and their teachers, and 13 individual interviews with school, religious, and political leaders. Parents thought that typhoid fever was a dangerous disease, but were unsure of their children's risk. They were interested in vaccination and were comfortable with a school-based vaccination if conducted under the supervision of trained and qualified staff. Teachers and leaders needed information on typhoid fever, the vaccine, procedures, and sponsors of the vaccination program. Meetings were considered the best form of information dissemination, followed by printed materials and mass media. This study shows how qualitative research findings can be translated into an effective social mobilization and communication approach. The findings of the research indicated the importance of increasing awareness of typhoid fever and the benefits of vaccination against the disease. Identification and dissemination of relevant, community-based disease and vaccination information will increase demand and use of vaccination.</P>
Nisa, Mahr-un,Touqir, N.A.,Sarwar, M.,Khan, M. Ajmal,Akhtar, Mumtaz Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.6
This study was conducted to see the influence of additives and fermentation periods on Mott grass silage (MGS) characteristics, its chemical composition and to compare the digestion kinetics of Mott grass (MG) and MGS in Nili buffaloes. Mott grass chopped with a locally manufactured chopper was ensiled using two additives, cane molasses and crushed corn grains each at 2, 4 and 6% of forage DM for 30 and 40 days in laboratory silos. The pH, lactic acid concentration, dry matter (DM), crude protein and fiber fractions of MGS were not affected by the type or level of additive and fermentation periods. The non-significant pH lactic acid concentration, and chemical composition of MGS indicated that the both molasses and crushed corn were utilized at similar rate for the growth of lactic acid bacteria and production of organic acids. The MG ensiled with molasses at 2% of fodder DM for 30 days was screened out for in situ digestion kinetics in Nili buffaloes. Ruminal DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradabilities of MGS were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of MG. The DM and NDF rate of degradation, lag time and extent of degradation was nonsignificant between MGS and MG. The higher ruminal degradation of DM and NDF of MGS than MG was probably a reflection of fermentation of MG during ensilation that improved its degradability by improving the availability of easily degradable structural polysaccharides to ruminal microbial population. The results in the present study have indicated that MG ensiled with either 2% molasses or 2% crushed corn for 30 days has better nutritive value for buffalo.