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Photoinduced Development of Antibacterial Materials Derived from Isosorbide Moiety
Lorenzini, Cedric,Haider, Adnan,Kang, Inn-Kyu,Sangermano, Marco,Abbad-Andalloussi, Samir,Mazeran, Pierre-Emmanuel,Lalevé,e, Jacques,Renard, Estelle,Langlois, Valé,rie,Versace, Davy-Louis American Chemical Society 2015 Biomacromolecules Vol.16 No.3
<P>A straightforward method for immobilizing in situ generated silver nanoparticles on the surface of a photoactivable isosorbide-derived monomer is developed with the objective to design a functional material having antibacterial properties. The photoinduced thiol–ene mechanism involved in these syntheses is described by the electron spin resonance/spin trapping technique. The resulting materials with or without silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were used as films or as coatings on glass substrate. The surface of the synthesized materials was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and their thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated by dynamic-mechanical thermal tests, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, along with pencil hardness, nanoindentation, and scratch resistance tests. The photoinduced formation of Ag NPs is also confirmed by UV spectrophotometry. Finally, a primary investigation demonstrates the antibacterial properties of the isosorbide-derived material against <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> and <I>Escherichia coli</I>, as well as its cytocompatibility toward NIH 3T3 fibroblastic cells.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/bomaf6/2015/bomaf6.2015.16.issue-3/bm501755r/production/images/medium/bm-2014-01755r_0016.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/bm501755r'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Optimal Workpiece Orientation to Reduce the Energy Consumption of a Milling Process
Gianni Campatelli,Antonio Scippa,Lorenzo Lorenzini,Ryuta Sato 한국정밀공학회 2015 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.2 No.1
Energy consumption in the manufacturing sector is becoming a very hot topic due to its significant ecological relevance, especially for energy intensive processes such as machining. Machining finds nowadays large application mainly due to its high performance, in terms of both surface finish and tolerances achievable; as an example this is the key technology in dies and molds production, largely used in the automotive and housewares sectors. Process optimization could be carried out using different strategies, as already proposed by many authors, such as by optimizing machining parameters or implementing alternative toolpath capable of reducing both machining time and energy consumption. Within this paper will be presented a novel approach that takes into account the product orientation within the working zone of the machine. Milling machines are usually non symmetric regarding the energy consumptions of the axes due to the different masses that have to be moved, hence product orientation could sensibly affect energy consumption in performing a toolpath. Optimizing product orientation has the advantage not to affect product quality and require no adjustment of machining parameters. An approach to model the machine power consumption and to optimize the workpiece orientation is presented together with the results of validation experiments.
Presynaptic Regulation of Astroglial Excitatory Neurotransmitter Transporter GLT1
Yang, Yongjie,Gozen, Oguz,Watkins, Andrew,Lorenzini, Ileana,Lepore, Angelo,Gao, Yuanzheng,Vidensky, Svetlana,Brennan, Jean,Poulsen, David,Won Park, Jeong,Li Jeon, Noo,Robinson, Michael B.,Rothstein, J Elsevier 2009 Neuron Vol.61 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>The neuron-astrocyte synaptic complex is a fundamental operational unit of the nervous system. Astroglia regulate synaptic glutamate, via neurotransmitter transport by GLT1/EAAT2. Astroglial mechanisms underlying this essential neuron-glial communication are not known. We now show that presynaptic terminals regulate astroglial synaptic functions, GLT1/EAAT2, via kappa B-motif binding phosphoprotein (KBBP), the mouse homolog of human heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), which binds the GLT1/EAAT2 promoter. Neuron-stimulated KBBP is required for GLT1/EAAT2 transcriptional activation and is responsible for astroglial alterations in neural injury. Denervation of neuron-astrocyte signaling by corticospinal tract transection, ricin-induced motor neuron death, or neurodegeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis all result in reduced astroglial KBBP expression and transcriptional dysfunction of astroglial transporter expression. Presynaptic elements dynamically coordinate normal astroglial function and also provide a fundamental signaling mechanism by which altered neuronal function and injury leads to dysregulated astroglia in CNS disease.</P>