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Craig Lockwood 한국간호행정학회 2017 간호행정학회지 Vol.23 No.2
Getting evidence in to practice tends to focus on strategies, theories and studies that aim to close the gap between research knowledge and clinical practice. The evidence to practice gap is more about systems than individual clinician decision making. The absence of evidence for administration and management in the organization of healthcare is persistent. Teaching nurses and providing evidence as the solution to evidence-based healthcare is no longer axiomatic. Previous studies have concluded that unit level strategies integrate multi-professional teams with organizational needs and priorities. This ‘best fit’ approach that characterizes how healthcare is structured and delivered. The published literature shows that increased readiness for change is aligned with integrated approaches informed by conceptual models. The Joanna Briggs Collaboration is the largest global collaboration to integrate evidence within a theory informed model that brings together academic centres, hospitals and health systems for evidence synthesis, transfer and implementation. The best approaches to implementation are tailored to local culture and context, benchmark against international evidence, combine a theory informed model and stakeholder perspectives to improve the structure and processes of health care policy and practice.
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The Impact of Industrial Action Ballots on Trade Union Procedures, Practices and Behaviour
Graeme Lockwood 한국고용노사관계학회 2005 産業關係硏究 Vol.15 No.1
This article provides an analysis of the developments that have taken place within British case-study trade unions in response to the introduction of the Conservative balloting legislation pertaining to ballots on industrial action. Using data derived from interviews with senior officials, national officials and shop stewards it links any changes in the unions’ approaches to calling, organising or conducting industrial action to the introduction of the new legislation. It considers the impact of industrial action ballots on the procedures, practices and behaviour of trade unions and, more specifically, whether workers under the new balloting system seemed more inclined to vote to avoid confrontation with employers and, in so doing, took a less conflictual and more accommodating stance than would have been the case under the old legislative provisions.
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Practical Guidance for Knowledge Synthesis: Scoping Review Methods
Craig Lockwood,Kelli Borgessdos Santos,Robin Pap 한국간호과학회 2019 Asian Nursing Research Vol.13 No.5
Scoping reviews are a useful approach to synthesizing research evidence although the objectives and methods are different to that of systematic reviews, yet some confusion persists around how to plan and prepare so that a completed scoping review complies with best practice in methods and meets international standards for reporting criteria. This paper describes how to use available guidance to ensure a scoping review project meets global standards, has transparency of methods and promotes readability though the use of innovative approaches to data analysis and presentation. We address some of the common issues such as which projects are more suited to systematic reviews, how to avoid an inadequate search and/or poorly reported search strategy, poorly described methods and lack of transparency, and the issue of how to plan and present results that are clear, visually compelling and accessible to readers. Effective pre-planning, adhering to protocol and detailed consideration of how the results data will be communicated to the readership are critical. The aim of this article is to provide clarity about what is meant by conceptual clarity and how pre-planning enables review authors to produce scoping reviews which are of high quality, reliability and readily publishable.
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殺菌土壤 自然土壤 및 Glucosepeptone으로 改良한 土壤條伴이 Helminthosporim victoriae와 Mo rtierella n. sp. 에 미치는 靜菌作用
李敏雄,李浩源,申鉉成,Lockwood, J. L. 동국대학교 1982 論文集 Vol.21 No.-
供試한 5개 地域의 土壤은 Michigan 州立大學 農場에서 採集하였으며 그 土性은 Kibbie와 Matherton이 砂質埴壤土와 Marlette 良質土에서 각각 6.72와 6.03이고 기타는 5.30∼5.65이었다. 有機物의 含量은 Kibbie土壤이 많았고 반대로 Boyer 土壤에서 가장 낮았다. 一般細菌數는 각 土壤에서 그 數的 分布에서 有意差가 없었다. 사상균수는 Marlette Matherton 및 Oshtemo는 Kibbie나 Boyer 보다 數的 分布에서 多數하는 有意差的인 차이를 나타냈다. 放線菌의 密度는 Marlette, Kibbie 및 Oshtemo에서 다른 土壤보다 多數하는 有意差的인 특성이 있고, 嫌氣性細菌의 分布는 Marlette가 가장 많았고, Matherton과 Oshtemo 土壤이 中間이고 Kibbie와 Boyer 土壤에서는 적게 분포하였다. ^14C-glucose를 添加한 土壤에서의 10 時間 培養후에 微生物의 代謝에 따른 ^14CO_2의 生産量은 Oshtemo가 가장 높았고 Boyer 토양에서는 적었으며 기타의 土壤은 중간 정도이었다. Helminthosporium victoriae와 Mortierella n. sp.에 대한 自然土壤, 殺菌土壤 및 Glucose의 濃度別(mg/g土壤)로 처리한 土壤에서의 發芽率을 보면 自然土壤은 0∼3퍼센트이고, 殺菌土壤에서는 90∼98퍼센트이었다. 土壤에 처리된 營養物의 濃度에 따라 供試菌의 發芽 程度는 달랐다. H. victoriae는 Boyer 토양에서 200 ㎎ glucose/g 토양처리에서 50퍼센트 이상의 胞子發芽를 하였고 기타의 토양은 500 ㎎ glucose/g 토양 처리에서 50퍼센트의 발아를 하였다. Mortierella n. sp.에서는 Boyer와 Oshtemo 500 ㎎/g토양 처리에서 50퍼센트의 胞子發芽를 하였고 Kibbie와 Matherton은 700 및 1000 ㎎ glucose/g 토양 처리에서 50퍼센트의 胞子發芽를 하였으나 Matherton은 1000 ㎎ glucose/g 토양처리에서도 50 퍼센트 이하의 胞子發芽를 하였다. 一般的으로 土壤內 微生物數가 多數하는 곳에서는 呼吸量이 增大 되고 靜菌作用(fungistasis)도 增大 되므로 胞子發芽 條件에 있어서 많은 量的인 外的 營養物이 要求된다. Kibbie sandy clay loam exhibited a high level of organic matter than the soils. Kibbie sandy clay loam exhibited a high level of organic matter than the soils. Boyer sandy loam soil showed the lowest amounts of organic matter. Bacteria in soil did not differed significantly. In fungi Marlette loam, Matherton sandy clay loam and Oshtemo sandy loam were significantly different from Kibbie and Boyer soil. In the propagules of actinomycetes, Marlette, Kibbie and Oshtemo were significantly different from that of Matherton and Boyer soil. The populations of anaerobes varied depending on the type of soils. In the ^14C-glucose respiration by soil microorganisms after 10 hr incubation, Oshtemo soil showed the highest rate of respiration, Boyer soil the lowest and the other three soils the intermediate. Germination of test propagules on natural soil was 0-3percent, indicating that all soils were fungistatic against the fungi. The two fungi germinated from 90-98 percent on autoclaved soils. The propagules differed in their germination response to nutrients added to the soils. In Helminthosporium victoriae Boyer soil germinated to 50 percent of spores in 200 ㎎ glucose per g of soil base but the other soils showed the same rate of germination as Boyer soil. by the addition of 500 ㎎ glucose per g of test soil base. In Mortierella nsp. the Boy soil needed 500 ㎎ glucose per g of soil base for 50 percent germination while Kibbie and Marlette soils needed 700 and 1000 ㎎ respectively. On the other hand the germination rate of Matherton soil was less than 50 percent even though 1000 ㎎ glucose was added to the soil.
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