New Security Issues in a Globalized World

Axworthy, Lloyd Institute for International Trade and Cooperation 1998 Asian International Studies Review Vol.2 No.1

In the first paper, the Canadian Foreign Minister, the Honorable Lloyd Axworthy, outlines a proposal to expand the focus of the foreign policy activity of governments beyond the traditional emphasis on a "hard" security agenda to tackle issues of immediate concern to individuals. He highlights, in particular, the campaign to ban anti-personnel miners; efforts to combat international drug smuggling; and the continuing struggle against human rights abuses. In each of these representative areas, the interests of individuals on the streets of North American cities and in former combat zones in Asia and Africa are foremost concern. Canada will continue to invite other countries to join in this new approach to the human security challenges of our changing times. In the Second article, Mr. Axworthy expands on the campaign to ban anti-personnel land mines, a campaign which has come to be called the Ottawa Process. Mr. Axworthy believes this process and its success demonstrates the ability of the international community do cope with changes and trends which have emerged since the fall of the Berlin Wall trends which are different breed of challenge than those to which we had become accustomed for so many years. after the Second World War. He calls for a renewed focus on humanitarian standards; new forms of partnership at the international lever; the maximum use of "soft power." or the non-military tools of diplomacy; and a focus on the security of the individual in an unpredictable and often hostile international environment.

Biology and Health Aspects of Molds in Foods and the Environment

Lloyd B. Bullerman 한국식품영양과학회 1993 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

Molds are eucaryotic, multicellular, multinucleate, filamentous organisms that reproduce by forming asexual and sexual spores. The spores are readily spread through the air and because they are very light-weight and tend to behave like dust particles, they are easily disseminated on air currents. Molds therefore are ubiquitous organisms that are found everywhere, throughout the environment. The natural habitat of most molds is the soil where they grow on and break down decaying vegetable matter. Thus, where there is decaying organic matter in an area, there are often high numbers of mold spores in the atmosphere of the environment. Molds are common contaminants of plant materials, including grains and seeds, and therefore readily contaminate human foods and animal feeds. Molds can tolerate relatively harsh environments and adapt to more severe stresses than most microorganisms. They require less available moisture for growth than bacteria and yeasts and can grow on substrates containing concentrations of sugar or salt that bacteria can not tolerate. Most molds are highly aerobic, requiring oxygen for growth. Molds grow over a wide temperature range, but few can grow at extremely high temperatures. Molds have simple nutritional requirements, requiring primarily a source of carbon and simple organic nitrogen. Because of this, molds can grow on many foods and feed materials and cause spoilage and deterioration. Some molds can produce toxic substances known as mycotoxins, which are toxic to humans and animals. Mold growth in foods can be controlled by manipulating factors such as atmosphere, moisture content, water activity, relative humidity and temperature. The presence of other microorganisms tends to restrict mold growth, especially if conditions are favorable for growth of bacteria or yeasts. Certain chemicals in the substrate may also inhibit mold growth. These may be naturally occurring or added for the purpose of preservation. Only a relatively few of the approximately 100,000 different species of fungi are involved in the deterioration of food and agricultural commodities and production of mycotoxins. Deteriorative and toxic mold species are found primarily in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Trichothecium, Trichoderma, Rhizopus, Mucor and Cladosporium. While many molds can be observed as surface growth on foods, they also often occur as internal contaminants of nuts, seeds and grains. Mold deterioration of foods and agricultural commodities is a serious problem world-wide. However, molds also pose hazards to human and animal health in the form of mycotoxins, as infectious agents and as respiratory irritants and allergens. Thus, molds are involved in a number of human and animal diseases with serious implication for health.

Colossal Terahertz Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature in Epitaxial La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ Nanocomposites and Single-Phase Thin Films

Lloyd-Hughes, J.,Mosley, C. D. W.,Jones, S. P. P.,Lees, M. R.,Chen, A.,Jia, Q. X.,Choi, E.-M.,MacManus-Driscoll, J. L. American Chemical Society 2017 Nano letters Vol.17 No.4

<P>Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) is demonstrated at terahertz (THz) frequencies by using terahertz time-domain magnetospectroscopy to examine vertically aligned nanocomposites (VANs) and planar thin films of La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.3</SUB>MnO<SUB>3</SUB>. At the Curie temperature (room temperature), the THz conductivity of the VAN was dramatically enhanced by over 2 orders of magnitude under the application of a magnetic field with a non-Drude THz conductivity that increased with frequency. The direct current (dc) CMR of the VAN is controlled by extrinsic magnetotransport mechanisms such as spin-polarized tunneling between nanograins. In contrast, we find that THz CMR is dominated by intrinsic, intragrain transport: the mean free path was smaller than the nanocolumn size, and the planar thin-film exhibited similar THz CMR to the VAN. Surprisingly, the observed colossal THz magnetoresistance suggests that the magnetoresistance can be large for alternating current motion on nanometer length scales, even when the magnetoresistance is negligible on the macroscopic length scales probed by dc transport. This suggests that colossal magnetoresistance at THz frequencies may find use in nanoelectronics and in THz optical components controlled by magnetic fields. The VAN can be scaled in thickness while retaining a high structural quality and offers a larger THz CMR at room temperature than the planar film.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2017/nalefd.2017.17.issue-4/acs.nanolett.7b00231/production/images/medium/nl-2017-00231y_0005.gif'></P>

A Review of the Terahertz Conductivity of Bulk and Nano-Materials

Lloyd-Hughes, James,Jeon, Tae-In Springer-Verlag 2012 Journal of infrared, millimeter and terahertz wave Vol.33 No.9

Major Tranquillisers and Tardive Dyskinesia : The Extent of the Problem

Lloyd, J.H. Medical Publications Korea 1986 Medical Progress Vol.8 No.11

Chung Chedu's Commentary on The Great Learinig

Lloyd Sciban 한국양명학회 2005 陽明學 Vol.0 No.13

Chung Chedu (Hagok) was a Korean scholar who fostered Confucian thought in Korea. Part of this promotion was his treatment of The Great Learning (Daxue). Hagok’s lengthy treatment, running 34 pages and constituting all of chapter 13 of Collected Works of Hagok, seems to reflect the significance that Yangming placed on the text. Furthermore, Hagok’s interpretation is more aligned with Yangming’s, which placed him in opposition to the Zhu Xi dominated thinking of his times. In fact, Hagok is noted for having promoted Yangming’s thinking even when strongly criticized for doing so. This essay will first provide an overview of Hagok’s treatment of The Great Learning, followed by a description of the merits of this treatment, and then describe how Hagok favored Yangming’s views over Zhu Xi’s. Informed by the moral purpose that was promoted in Yangming thinking, Hagok seeks to reassert its importance in the face of Zhu Xi’s neglect. In doing so, he identifies the merit of Yangming’s thinking and re‐establishes in the minds of his readers the truth contained in The Great Learning. 정제두는 한국의 유학사상을 성장시킨 학자로서, 그의 업적 가운데 하나로 대학에 대한 그의 주석을 들 수 있다. 정제두는 양명이 대학에 부여한 중요성을 반영하여 하곡전집에서 장문의 대학 주석을 하고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 정제두의 대학에 대한 이해를 먼저 소개하고, 다음으로 정제두의 대학 해석의 장점과 특징을 밝힌 다음, 마지막으로 정제두가 주희가 아닌 양명을 선택한 이유가 무엇인지를 밝힐 것이다. 당시 주희의 사고에 의해 지배되어 엄격하게 감시당하는 상황에서 정제두가 근본적으로 다른 사고를 장려하려고 한 용기는 우리에게 깊은 감명을 준다. 정제두는 주희의 면전에서 양명학적 사고로 진작된 도덕적 목적의 중요성을 재천명하고자 하였다. 정제두는 양명의 사고가 갖는 장점을 확인하고 대학이 가지고 있는 진리를 독자들의 마음속에 재 건립하려고 하였다.I.

Making Sense of India

Lloyd Rudolph,Susanne Hoeber Rudolph 동아시아재단 2008 Global Asia Vol.3 No.1

Disorders of Haemostasis : An Overview

Lloyd, John V. Medical Publications Korea 1988 Medical Progress Vol.10 No.9

Ability of non-destructive assay techniques to identify sophisticated material partial defects

Lloyd, Cody,Goddard, Braden Korean Nuclear Society 2020 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.52 No.6

This study explores the ability of non-destructive assay techniques to detect a partial material defect in which 100 g of plutonium are diverted from the center of a 1000 g can of PuO₂ powder. Four safeguards measurements techniques: neutron multiplicity counting, calorimetry, gravimetry, and gamma ray spectroscopy are used in an attempt to detect the defect. Several materials are added to the partial defect PuO₂ can to replicate signatures of the diverted material. ²⁵²Cf is used to compensate for the doubles neutron counts, ²⁴¹Am is used to compensate for the decay heat, and aluminum is used to compensate for the weight. Although, the doubles and triples difference before and after diversion are statistically indistinguishable with the AWCC in fast and thermal mode, the difference in the singles counts are statistically detectable in both modes. The relatively short half-life of ²⁵²Cf leads to a decrease (three sigma uncertainty) in the doubles neutron counts after 161 days. Combining this with the precise quantity of ²⁴¹Am needed (10.7 g) to mimic the heat signature and the extreme precision in ²⁵²Cf mass needed to defeat neutron multiplicity measurements gives reassurance in the International Atomic Energy Agency's ability to detect partial material defects.

CHUNG CHEDU'S COMMENTARY ON THE GREAT LEARNING

Lloyd Sciban 한국양명학회 2005 陽明學 Vol.- No.13

정제두는 한국의 유학시장을 성장시킨 학자로서, 그의 업적 가운데 하나로 『대학』에 대한 그의 주석을 들 수 있다. 정제두는 양명이 『대학』에 부여한 중요성을 반영하여 『하곡전집』에서 장문의 『대학』주석을 하고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 정제두의 『대학』에 대한 이해를 먼저 소개하고, 다음으로 정제두의 『대학』해석의 장점과 특정을 밝힌 다음, 마지막으로 정제두가 주희가 아닌 양명을 선택한 이유가 무엇인지를 밝힐 것이다. 당시 주회의 사고에 의해 지배되어 엄격하게 감시당하는 상황에서 정제두가 근본적으로 다른 사고를 장려하려고 한 용기는 우리에게 깊은 감명을 준다. 정제두는 주회의 면전에서 양명학적 사고로 진작된 도덕적 목적의 중요성을 재천명하고자 하였다. 정제두는 양명의 사고가 갖는 장점을 확인하고 『대학』이 가지고 있는 진리를 독자들의 마음속에 재 건립하려고 하였다. Chung Chedu (Hagok) was a Korean scholar who fostered Confucian thought in Korea. Part of this promotion was his treatment of The Great Learning (Daxue), Hagok's lengthy treatment, running 34 pages and constituting all of chapter 13 of Collected Works of Hagok, seems to reflect the significance that Yangming placed on the text. Furthermore, Hagok's interpretation is more aligned with Yangming' s, which placed him in opposition to the Zhu Xi dominated thinking of his times. In fact, Hagok is noted for having promoted Yangming 's thinking even when strongly criticized for doing so. This essay will first provide an overview of Hagok's treatment of The Great Learning, followed by a description of the merits of this treatment, and then describe how Hagok favored Yangming's views over Zhu Xi's. Informed by the moral purpose that was promoted in Yangming thinking, Hagok seeks to reassert its importance in the face of Zhu Xi's neglect. In doing so, he identifies the merit of Yangming's thinking and rein the minds of his readers the truth contained in The Great Learning.