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Recent advances in mitochondrial turnover during chronic muscle disuse
Liam D. Tryon,Anna Vainshtein,Jonathan M. Memme,Matthew J. Crilly,David A. Hood 한국한의학연구원 2014 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.3 No.4
Chronic muscle disuse, such as that resulting from immobilization, denervation, or prolonged physical inactivity, produces atrophy and a loss of mitochondria, yet the molecular relationship between these events is not fully understood. In this review we attempt to identify the key regulatory steps mediating the loss of muscle mass and the decline in mitochondrial content and function. An understanding of common intracellular signaling pathways may provide much-needed insight into the possible therapeutic targets for treatments that will maintain aerobic energy metabolism and preserve muscle mass during disuse conditions.
Yield Improvement on In-Mold Decoration Manufacturing through Parameter Optimization
Liam Yuehfeng Hsieh,Kuo-Hao Chang 한국정밀공학회 2013 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
In-Mold Decoration (IMD) is an efficient, durable and cost effective technique for printing, painting, and forming plastic decorations. However, a large number of parameters involved in IMD manufacturing process and the complex relationship between these parameters make the determination of the optimal parameter setting a challenging task. This paper proposes a systematic framework integrating Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and logistic regression to improve the yield of IMD manufacturing process. The integrated framework becomes easy to identify the optimal parameter setting, saving a great deal of time and money in the manufacturing process. On the empirical study in collaboration with IMD company, the proposed framework shows the significant result from 10% to 87.5%, validating the viability of the proposed framework in real settings.
Liam C. Kelley 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2016 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.20
This article examines a change in how members of the educated elite in Vietnam viewed their kingdom’s place in the world. It argues that, prior to the twentieth century, Vietnamese scholars saw their kingdom as being connected to, or reliant on, the empire to its north, which we now refer to as “China.” In particular, Vietnamese literati believed that moral virtue from the North had spread southward over time and enabled the Southern Kingdom, as they sometimes called their land, to emerge. The flow of geomantic energy from north to south played a similar role. In 1908, however, a reformist scholar named Lương Trúc Đàm published a geography textbook, Geography of the Southern Kingdom (Nam Quốc địa dư), that disconnected the Southern Kingdom from any form of reliance on the North. In this work, Đàm also sought to nurture in his readers patriotic feelings toward the Southern Kingdom. In so doing, Đàm contributed to the creation of what historian Thongchai Winichakul has referred to as a “geo-body,” an identifiable and separate geographical entity for which students are taught to develop patriotic emotions.
Liam Toner,Nathan Papa,Sani H. Aliyu,Harveer Dev,Nathan Lawrentschuk,Samih Al-Hayek 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.2
Purpose: Enterococci are a common cause of urinary tract infection and vancomycin-resistant strains are more difficult to treat. The purpose of this surveillance program was to assess the prevalence of and determine the risk factors for vancomycin resistance in adults among urinary isolates of Enterococcus sp. and to detail the antibiotic susceptibility profile, which can be used to guide empirical treatment. Materials and Methods: From 2005 to 2014 we retrospectively reviewed 5,528 positive Enterococcus sp. urine cultures recorded in a computerized laboratory results database at a tertiary teaching hospital in Cambridge, United Kingdom. Results: Of these cultures, 542 (9.8%) were vancomycin resistant. No longitudinal trend was observed in the proportion of vancomycin-resistant strains over the course of the study. We observed emerging resistance to nitrofurantoin with rates climbing from near zero to 40%. Ampicillin resistance fluctuated between 50% and 90%. Low resistance was observed for linezolid and quinupristin/dalfopristin. Female sex and inpatient status were identified as risk factors for vancomycin resistance. Conclusions: The incidence of vancomycin resistance among urinary isolates was stable over the last decade. Although resistance to nitrofurantoin has increased, it still serves as an appropriate first choice in uncomplicated urinary tract infection caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus sp.
Prevention of sepsis prior to prostate biopsy
Liam Toner,Damien M Bolton,Nathan Lawrentschuk 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.2
Purpose: Urosepsis is the most feared complication of transrectal prostate biopsy. The incidence may be increasing from <1% to 2%–3% in contemporary series. Historically, fluoroquinolones have been effective antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent infective complications but antibiotic resistance is increasing. The increase in antibiotic resistance may contribute to reported increases in urosepsis and hospitalization after transrectal biopsy. This article will review other methods clinicians may employ to reduce the incidence of infective complications after prostate biopsy. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using literature databases PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE in August 2015 in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) criteria. Results: Effective strategies to reduce infective complications after transrectal prostate biopsy include augmented prophylaxis with other antibiotics, rectal swab culture directed antibiotic prophylaxis or a transperineal biopsy approach. Needle disinfection, minimizing the number of biopsy needles and rectal disinfectants may also be of use. These methods may be of particular utility in patients with risk factors for developing urosepsis such as recent antibiotic use and overseas travel. Conclusions: The scientific literature describes various techniques designed to reduce infective complications caused by prostate biopsy. Clinicians should consider incorporating these novel techniques into their contemporary practice.