Identification of pepper genes involved in the response to CO 2 enrichment using RNA-Seq analysis

Jing Zhang,Rui Bai,Mengya Shang,Xiaoyong Xu,Hongxia Song,Shaowen Zheng,Leiping Hou,Meilan Li,Guoming Xing 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.1

Pepper is widely cultivated, and the application of CO 2 promotes photosynthesis and increases its yield. However, the molecularmechanisms underlying this are still unclear. In this study, the photosynthetic correlation indexes under elevated CO 2and control conditions were compared. The application of CO 2 increased the photosynthetic capacity of pepper. Moreover,RNA-Seq analysis was used to identify genes that were diff erentially expressed between pepper leaves grown in CO 2 -enrichedconditions and those grown in control conditions. The 149 diff erentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to be involvedin photosynthesis and other metabolic processes. According to GO signifi cant enrichment analysis, the proteins encodedby the DEGs were mainly found to be located in the chloroplast, the chloroplast matrix, and the apoplast. According toKEGG signifi cant enrichment analysis, the DEGs were found to be involved in glutathione metabolism; starch and sucrosemetabolism; and stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, gingerol, fl avonoid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The DEGs were alsoinvolved in the pentose phosphate pathway, carbon metabolism, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Based on theGO annotation and the KEGG database analysis, ten of the DEGs identifi ed were suggested to be involved in photosynthesisand related processes; these genes were predicted to have roles in carbohydrate, soluble sugar, and glutathione metabolism,and in raffi nose, cysteine, nucleotide, and ABA biosynthesis. These DEGs are involved in the pentose phosphate pathwayand tricarboxylic acid cycle of carbon assimilation during photosynthesis. One of the DEGs was also found to be involved inchlorophyll biosynthesis. These results lay the foundation for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms and genesinvolved in the response to CO 2 enrichment in peppers.

Cloning and Characterization of the LFY Homologue from Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis)

Xianhui Qi,Brad Townsley,José Antonio Aguilar-Martínez,Lihui Yin,Xingying Gao,Leiping Hou,Meiying Gao,Meilan Li 한국원예학회 2015 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.56 No.6

Flowering is critical to the growth and development of plants, and LFY gene homologues play a major role in flowering initiation. To understand the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying floral initiation and development in Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis, BrpLFY, a homologue of LFY, was cloned using RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the cDNA sequence of BrpLFY is 1,341 bp in length, with an ORF of 1,245 bp encoding a predicted protein of 415 amino acids. The predicted protein showed a high degree of identity with LFY homologues from other angiosperm species. Real-time PCR analysis showed that BrpLFY mRNA was detected in all tissues during plant development from the vegetative state to fully differentiated flowers, and its expression was highest in the cotyledon and lowest in the root. BrpLFY expression in the shoot apex increased gradually during vegetative growth and increased dramatically at stage 1 of flower bud differentiation. The relative expression peaked at stage 5 and then decreased in later stages. Moreover, the trend in BrpLFY expression level change in the shoot apex was similar regardless of variety or vernalization method. The relative expression of BrpLFY in leaves gradually decreased with leaf development. We overexpressed the gene in Arabidopsis thaliana using the floral dip method, and examined flowering time in wild-type and transgenic plants. Overexpression of BrpLFY specifically caused early flowering; the transgenic plants flowered 10-14 d earlier than did wild-type plants, and leaf number decreased by 0.5-1 when the plants bolted. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of BrpLFY in transgenic Arabidopsis was higher than in wild-type plants. These results indicate that BrpLFY plays a role in promoting flowering in Chinese cabbage.

Real-World Data of Pyrotinib-Based Therapy in Metastatic HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Promising Efficacy in Lapatinib-Treated Patients and in Brain Metastasis

Ying Lin,Mingxi Lin,Jian Zhang,Biyun Wang,Zhonghua Tao,Yiqun Du,Sheng Zhang,Jun Cao,Leiping Wang,Xichun Hu 대한암학회 2020 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.52 No.4

Purpose Pyrotinib is a newly-developed irreversible pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. This study reported the first real-world data of pyrotinib-based therapy in metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC), focusing on efficacy in lapatinib-treated patients and in brain metastasis. Materials and Methods One hundred thirteen patients with metastatic HER2-positive BC treated with pyrotinib-based therapy in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center under non-clinical trial settings from September 1, 2018 to March 1, 2019 were included. Results Over half patients have received more than two lines of systematic therapy and exposed to two or more kinds of anti-HER2 agents. Most patients received a combined therapy, commonly of pyrotinib plus capecitabine, or vinorelbine or trastuzumab. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 6.3 months (range, 5.54 to 7.06 months) and objective response rate (ORR) was 29.5%, with two patients (1.9%) achieving complete response. Lapatinib-naïve patients had significantly longer PFS than lapatinib-treated patients (9.0 months vs. 5.4 months, p=0.001). ORR for lapatinib-treated patients was 23.2%. Thirty-one of 113 patients have brain metastasis. Median PFS was 6.7 months and intracranial ORR was 28%. For patients without concurrent radiotherapy and/or brain surgery, the ORR was very low (6.3%). But for patients receiving concurrent radiotherapy and/or brain surgery, the ORR was 66.7%, and three patients achieved complete response. Most common adverse event was diarrhea. Conclusion Pyrotinib-based therapy demonstrated promising effects in metastatic HER2-positive BC and showed activity in lapatinib-treated patients. For patients with brain metastasis, pyrotinib-based regimen without radiotherapy showed limited efficacy, but when combined with radiotherapy it showed promising intracranial control.

Bosutinib safety and management of toxicity in leukemia patients with resistance or intolerance to imatinib and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors

Kantarjian, Hagop M.,Cortes, Jorge E.,Kim, Dong-Wook,Khoury, H. Jean,Brü,mmendorf, Tim H.,Porkka, Kimmo,Martinelli, Giovanni,Durrant, Simon,Leip, Eric,Kelly, Virginia,Turnbull, Kathleen,Besson, Na American Society of Hematology 2014 Blood Vol.123 No.9

<P>Bosutinib is an oral, dual SRC/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with clinical activity in Philadelphia chromosome–positive (Ph<SUP>+</SUP>) leukemia. We assessed the safety and tolerability of bosutinib 500 mg per day in a phase 1/2 study in chronic-phase (CP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or advanced Ph<SUP>+</SUP> leukemia following resistance/intolerance to imatinib and possibly other TKIs. Patient cohorts included second-line CP CML (n = 286), third-/fourth-line CP CML (n = 118), and advanced leukemia (n = 166). Median bosutinib duration was 11.1 (range, 0.03-83.4) months. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in each cohort were primarily gastrointestinal (diarrhea [86%/83%/74%], nausea [46%/48%/48%], and vomiting [37%/38%/43%]). Diarrhea presented early, with few (8%) patients experiencing grade 3/4 events; dose reduction due to diarrhea occurred in 6% of affected patients. Grade 3/4 myelosuppression TEAEs were reported in 41% of patients; among affected patients, 46% were managed with bosutinib interruption and 32% with dose reduction. Alanine aminotransferase elevation TEAEs occurred in 17% of patients (grade 3/4, 7%); among patients managed with dose interruption, bosutinib rechallenge was successful in 74%. Bosutinib demonstrated acceptable safety with manageable toxicities in Ph<SUP>+</SUP> leukemia. This trial (NCT00261846) was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov (this manuscript is based on a different data snapshot from that in ClinicalTrials.gov).</P>

Bosutinib is active in chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia after imatinib and dasatinib and/or nilotinib therapy failure

Khoury, H. Jean,Cortes, Jorge E.,Kantarjian, Hagop M.,Gambacorti-Passerini, Carlo,Baccarani, Michele,Kim, Dong-Wook,Zaritskey, Andrey,Countouriotis, Athena,Besson, Nadine,Leip, Eric,Kelly, Virginia,Br American Society of Hematology 2012 Blood Vol.119 No.15

<P>Bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has shown potent activity against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). This phase 1/2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of once-daily bosutinib 500 mg in leukemia patients after resistance/intolerance to imatinib. The current analysis included 118 patients with chronic-phase CML who had been pretreated with imatinib followed by dasatinib and/or nilotinib, with a median follow-up of 28.5 months. In this subpopulation, major cytogenetic response was attained by 32% of patients; complete cytogenetic response was attained by 24%, including in one of 3 patients treated with 3 prior TKIs. Complete hematologic response was achieved/maintained in 73% of patients. On-treatment transformation to accelerated/blast phase occurred in 5 patients. At 2 years, Kaplan-Meier-estimated progression-free survival was 73% and estimated overall survival was 83%. Responses were seen across Bcr-Abl mutations, including those associated with dasatinib and nilotinib resistance, except T315I. Bosutinib had an acceptable safety profile; treatment-emergent adverse events were primarily manageable grade 1/2 gastrointestinal events and rash. Grade 3/4 nonhematologic adverse events (> 2% of patients) included diarrhea (8%) and rash (4%). Bosutinib may offer a new treatment option for patients with chronic-phase CML after treatment with multiple TKIs. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00261846.</P>