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Ok-Chul Chung,Hong-Gyu Kang,Tae-Woong Bae,Hyeon-Jin Sun,Jeong-Keun Choi,Pyung Ok Lim,Hyo-Yeon Lee 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07
Daily shedding pattern and longevity of pollen are important consideration for the evaluation of gene flow of transgenic plants. During the day, the pollen shedding pattern of zoysiagrass was determined in the lawn by using a device to collect airborne pollen on a glass slide, resulting that the pollen grains were released predominantly between 7:00 and 9:00. The result was also supported by in vitro pollen germination test, which was performed with pollens collected from 1:00 through 24:00 at 1h interval. Influence of temperature and humidity on pollen longevity was determined by germinating pollen at 25°C after incubating them for 10, 30, 60, and 180 min under different temperatures and humidity with pollen of zoysiagrass that opened freshly at about 9:00. The result showed that pollen longevity of zoysiagrass was sensitive to change of temperature and humidity and longest under the temperture and humidity of 15-20°C and 80-99%, respectively. Under natural conditions with the same method as upper controlled conditions, was determined pollen longevity. Under sunny atmospheric conditions, pollen longevity decreased to 20% in 60 min, with a complete extinction in 120 min. Under cloudy atmospheric conditions, pollen remained viable up to 450 min, with about 20% longevity after 360 min. No significant difference was found between GM and non-GM plants in their pollen longevity.
Lee, Young Ok,Chen, Fu,Lee, Kee Keun Institute of Pure and Applied Physics 2016 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Vol.55 No.6
<P>We have developed acoustic-optic (AO) based display units for implementing a handheld hologram display by modulating light deflection through wide bandwidth surface acoustic wave (SAW). The developed AO device consists of a metal layer, a ZnS waveguide layer, SAW inter digital transducers (IDTs), and a screen for display. When RF power with a particular resonant frequency was applied to IDTs, SAW was radiated and interfered with confined beam propagating along ZnS waveguide layer. The AO interacted beam was deflected laterally toward a certain direction depending on Bragg diffraction condition, exited out of the waveguide layer and then directed to the viewing screen placed at a certain distance from the device to form a single pixel. The deflected angles was adjusted by modulating the center frequency of the SAW IDT (SAW grating), the RF power of SAW, and the angles between propagating light beam path along waveguide and radiating SAW. The diffraction efficiency was also characterized in terms of waveguide thickness, SAW RF input power, and aperture length. Coupling of mode (COM) modeling was fulfilled to find optimal device parameters prior to fabrication. All the parameters affecting the deflection angle and efficiency to form a pixel for a three-dimensional (3D) hologram image were characterized and then discussed. (C) 2016 The Japan Society of Applied Physics</P>
Lee, Yun-Gyoo,Bang, Soo-Mee,Lee, Jeong-Ok,Kim, Jin Won,Lee, Keun-Wook,Kim, Jee Hyun,Song, Jung Han,Kim, Tae-Hee,Kim, Ki Woong,Lee, Jong-Seok Korean Cancer Association 2015 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.47 No.2
<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>We previously reported the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to be 3.3% among an elderly Korean urban cohort recruited during 2005-2006. Here, we report a 5-year follow-up study of the previously identified MGUS cohort.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>The 680 participants from the initial cohort were followed-up for a median of 5 years. Sera were collected between 2010 and 2011. Two-step screening was performed with standard serum electrophoresis followed by immunofixation and determination of the serum concentration of monoclonal-protein (M-protein).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Of the 680 participants (21 with MGUS), 348 (51%) agreed to participate in the follow-up study and 10 were found to have MGUS. Among the 21 MGUS patients initially identified, nine were followed-up, six had persistent M-protein, and one patient had progressed to multiple myeloma (progression rate, 1.0%/yr). The M-protein disappeared in the remaining two individuals. Among the 339 participants without MGUS who were followed-up, four developed an M-protein. There was no significant difference in survival with respect to the presence of MGUS (p=0.66).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>The 5-year follow-up data show that the natural clinical course of MGUS in Korea is similar to that in Western countries. MGUS was not associated with an increased risk of death over the 5-year study period.</P>
Lee, Eun-Young,Choi, Do-Young,Kim, Dae-Kyum,Kim, Jung-Wook,Park, Jung Ok,Kim, Sungjee,Kim, Sang-Hyun,Desiderio, Dominic M.,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Kim, Kwang-Pyo,Gho, Yong Song WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Proteomics Vol.9 No.24
<P>Although archaea, Gram-negative bacteria, and mammalian cells constitutively secrete membrane vesicles (MVs) as a mechanism for cell-free intercellular communication, this cellular process has been overlooked in Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we found for the first time that Gram-positive bacteria naturally produce MVs into the extracellular milieu. Further characterizations showed that the density and size of Staphylococcus aureus-derived MVs are both similar to those of Gram-negative bacteria. With a proteomics approach, we identified with high confidence a total of 90 protein components of S. aureus-derived MVs. In the group of identified proteins, the highly enriched extracellular proteins suggested that a specific sorting mechanism for vesicular proteins exists. We also identified proteins that facilitate the transfer of proteins to other bacteria, as well to eliminate competing organisms, antibiotic resistance, pathological functions in systemic infections, and MV biogenesis. Taken together, these observations suggest that the secretion of MVs is an evolutionally conserved, universal process that occurs from simple organisms to complex multicellular organisms. This information will help us not only to elucidate the biogenesis and functions of MVs, but also to develop therapeutic tools for vaccines, diagnosis, and antibiotics effective against pathogenic strains of Gram-positive bacteria.</P>
Long-term Variations of Chemical Properties in Controlled Horticultural Soils of Gyeongnam Province
Lee, Young-Han,Lee, Seong-Tae,Hong, Kang-Pyo,Lee, Sang-Dae,Kim, Je-Hong,Ok, Yong-Sik,Kim, Min-Keun,Kim, HyeRan 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.5
The monitoring of chemical dynamic changes in controlled horticultural lands is very important for agricultural sustainability. Field monitoring was performed to evaluate the soil chemical properties of 200 controlled horticultural soil samples in Gyeongnam province every 4 years from 2000 to 2012. Soil chemical properties such as pH, amount of organic matter, available phosphate, nitrate nitrogen, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sodium were analyzed. The amount of exchangeable calcium and soil pH were significantly higher in 2012 than in 2000. In 2012, the frequency distribution for values of pH, organic matter, available phosphate, and exchangeable potassium, calcium, and magnesium that were within the optimum range was 16.0%, 22.5%, 11.5%, 3.5%, 2.5%, and 5.0%, respectively. Especially, available phosphate and exchangeable calcium were excess level with portions of 76.0% and 96.5%, respectively. These results indicated that a balanced management of soil chemical properties can reduce the amount of fertilizer applied for sustainable agriculture in controlled horticultural lands.
Lee, Young-Han,Lee, Seong-Tae,Kim, Eun-Seok,Cho, Yong-Cho,Ok, Yong Sik,Kim, Min-Keun,Kim, HyeRan 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.3
In this study, we examined the chemical properties and microbial community characteristics in 25 controlled horticultural soils (CHS) sampled from Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method. The electrical conductivity of watermelon CHS was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of red pepper CHS, pumpkin CHS, and strawberry CHS. The amounts of total FAMEs, total bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, and fungi were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in red pepper CHS than those in strawberry CHS and pumpkin CHS. In addition, higher (p < 0.05) ratios of cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ were detected in tomato CHS than those in watermelon CHS, pumpkin CHS, and red pepper CHS. This implied that microbial communities of tomato CHS were stressed more than other species of cultivation soils. Actinomycetes community in red pepper CHS was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those in tomato CHS, strawberry CHS, and watermelon CHS. Differences in soil microbial community composition were highly associated with cultivated crop species which might result from the management inputs such as fertilizer, herbicide, and irrigation.
Lee, Youn-Ri,Lee, Chang-Kwon,Park, Hyo-Jun,Kim, Hyo-Jin,Kim, Jung-Hwan,Kim, Jae-Heung,Lee, Keun-Sang,Lee, Yun-Lyul,Min, Kyung-Ok,Kim, Bo-Kyung Korean Physical Therapy Science 2006 대한물리치료과학회지 Vol.13 No.2
Vascular smooth muscle contraction is mediated by activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, an isoform of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, the role of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in vascular smooth muscle contraction has not been defined. We investigated the role of JNK in the contractile response to norepinephrine (NE) in rat aortic smooth muscle. NE evoked contraction in a dose-dependent manner, and this effect was inhibited by the JNK inhibitor SP600125. NE increased the phosphorylation of JNK, which was greater in aortic smooth muscle from hypertensive rats than from normotensive rats. NE-induced JNK phosphorylation was significantly inhibited by SP600125 and the conventional-type PKC (cPKC) inhibitor Go6976, but not by the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 or the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Thymeleatoxin, a selective activator of cPKC, increased JNK phosphorylation, which was inhibited by $G{\ddot{o}}6976$. SP600125 attenuated the phosphorylation of caldesmon, an actin-binding protein whose phosphorylation is increased by NE. These results show that JNK contributes to NE-mediated contraction through phosphorylation of caldesmon in rat aortic smooth muscle, and that this effect is regulated by the PKC pathway, especially cPKC.
Lee, Ji Hee,Hwang, Yeoung Min,Baik, Keun Sik,Choi, Kap Seong,Ka, Jong-Ok,Seong, Chi Nam International Union of Microbiological Societies 2014 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.64 No.6
<P>An orange, rod-shaped, Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic and gliding bacterial strain devoid of flagella, designated strain KYW614<SUP>T</SUP>, was isolated from seawater collected from Gwangyang Bay, Republic of Korea. Zeaxanthin was the major carotenoid pigment produced and flexirubin-type pigments were not produced. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain KYW614<SUP>T</SUP> belonged to the family <I>Flavobacteriaceae</I> and it was most closely related to <I>Mesoflavibacter zeaxanthinifaciens</I> TD-ZX30<SUP>T</SUP> (96.5 %, sequence similarity). The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain KYW614<SUP>T</SUP> were iso-C<SUB>15 : 1</SUB> G (10.5 %), summed feature 3 (C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω7<I>c</I>/C<SUB>16 : 1</SUB>ω6<I>c</I>; 10.0 %), iso-C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB> (9.5 %), C<SUB>15 : 0</SUB> (7.5 %) and iso-C<SUB>17 : 0</SUB> 3-OH (7.4 %). MK-6 was the only isoprenoid quinone and the DNA G<I>+</I>C content was 32.6 mol%. Data from a polyphasic taxonomic study suggested that the isolate represents a novel species in the genus <I>Mesoflavibacter</I>, for which the name Mesoflavibacter <I>aestuarii</I> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KYW614<SUP>T</SUP> ( = KCTC 32269<SUP>T</SUP> = JCM 19524<SUP>T</SUP>).</P>