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Latha, M.,Devi, R. Aruna,Velumani, S.,Oza, Goldie,Reyes-Figueroa, P.,Rohini, M.,Becerril-Juarez, I. G.,Yi, Junsin American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.11
<P>Chalcopyrite CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing copper (I) chloride (CuCl), Indium (III) chloride (InCl3), gallium (III) chloride (GaCl3) and selenium (Se) in oleylamine (OLA) at 260 degrees C for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The Ga/(In + Ga) ratio was tuned across the entire stoichiometric range from 0 to 1. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed chalcopyrite crystal structure for samples prepared with x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1. The lattice parameters a and c decreased linearly with increasing Ga concentration which is consistent with Vegard's law. Raman spectra exhibited A(1) optical phonon vibrational mode for synthesized nanoparticles which gradually shifted to higher wavenumber with increasing Ga content. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed irregular as well as hexagonal plate like morphologies in the size range of 100 to 400 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images showed well-defined lattice fringes and d-spacing correspond to (112) plane which gradually decreases with increasing Ga content. The material compositions of synthesized CIGS nanoparticles with x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 were very close to the desired stoichiometry which was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Ultra-violet visible near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) absorption spectra of the synthesized CIGS nanoparticles revealed that the bandgap could be tuned over the range 1 to 1.7 eV by varying the Ga/(In+Ga) ratio.</P>
Cho, Dae Won,Latham, John A.,Park, Hea Jung,Yoon, Ung Chan,Langan, Paul,Dunaway-Mariano, Debra,Mariano, Patrick S. American Chemical Society 2011 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.76 No.8
<P>New types of tetrameric lignin model compounds, which contain the common β-O-4 and β-1 structural subunits found in natural lignins, have been prepared and carbon−carbon bond fragmentation reactions of their cation radicals, formed by photochemical (9,10-dicyanoanthracene) and enzymatic (lignin peroxidase) SET-promoted methods, have been explored. The results show that cation radical intermediates generated from the tetrameric model compounds undergo highly regioselective C−C bond cleavage in their β-1 subunits. The outcomes of these processes suggest that, independent of positive charge and odd-electron distributions, cation radicals of lignins formed by SET to excited states of sensitizers or heme-iron centers in enzymes degrade selectively through bond cleavage reactions in β-1 vs β-O-4 moieties. In addition, the findings made in the enzymatic studies demonstrate that the sterically large tetrameric lignin model compounds undergo lignin peroxidase-catalyzed cleavage via a mechanism involving preliminary formation of an enzyme−substrate complex.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/joceah/2011/joceah.2011.76.issue-8/jo200253v/production/images/medium/jo-2011-00253v_0002.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jo200253v'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
On the Subsemigroups of a Finite Cyclic Semigroup
Dobbs, David Earl,Latham, Brett Kathleen Department of Mathematics 2014 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.54 No.4
Let S = C(r,m), the finite cyclic semigroup with index r and period m. Each subsemigroup of S is cyclic if and only if either r = 1; r = 2; or r = 3 with m odd. For $r{\neq}1$, the maximum value of the minimum number of elements in a (minimal) generating set of a subsemigroup of S is 1 if r = 3 and m is odd; 2 if r = 3 and m is even; (r-1)/2 if r is odd and unequal to 3; and r/2 if r is even. The number of cyclic subsemigroups of S is $r-1+{\tau}(m)$. Formulas are also given for the number of 2-generated subsemigroups of S and the total number of subsemigroups of S. The minimal generating sets of subsemigroups of S are characterized, and the problem of counting them is analyzed.
HOLLISTER JONATHAN,이지수,Aaron J. Elkins,Don Latham 한국문헌정보학회 2020 한국문헌정보학회지 Vol.54 No.4
Mental health experts warn the combination of overwhelming amounts of information, economic instability, political discontent, social injustice, and the high infection and death rates of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are negatively impacting mental health in ways that may worsen the pandemic and intensify our primal fear of death. Terror Management Theory (TMT) argues that self-esteem and cultural worldviews serve as defenses against the terror of our own mortality. This theory anchor paper introduces TMT to Library and Information Science (LIS) via a selected literature review on TMT’s use in the field of Psychology and an extensive discussion on the conceptual connections to LIS supported with empirical research from related disciplines and contexts. The implications, applications, and usefulness of TMT for LIS research, education, and practice are discussed in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic and other contexts, and a research agenda is proposed.
Lim, Suk Hyun,Nahm, Keepyung,Ra, Choon Sup,Cho, Dae Won,Yoon, Ung Chan,Latham, John A.,Dunaway-Mariano, Debra,Mariano, Patrick S. American Chemical Society 2013 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.78 No.18
<P>To gain information about how alkoxy substitution in arene rings of β-O-4 structural units within lignin governs the efficiencies/rates of radical cation C1–C2 bond cleavage reactions, single electron transfer (SET) photochemical and lignin peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation reactions of dimeric/tetrameric model compounds have been explored. The results show that the radical cations derived from less alkoxy-substituted dimeric β-O-4 models undergo more rapid C1–C2 bond cleavage than those of more alkoxy-substituted analogues. These findings gained support from the results of DFT calculations, which demonstrate that C1–C2 bond dissociation energies of β-O-4 radical cations decrease as the degree of alkoxy substitution decreases. In SET reactions of tetrameric compounds consisting of two β-O-4 units, containing different degrees of alkoxy substitution, regioselective radical cation C–C bond cleavage was observed to occur in one case at the C1–C2 bond in the less alkoxy-substituted β-O-4 moiety. However, regioselective C1–C2 cleavage in the more alkoxy-substituted β-O-4 moiety was observed in another case, suggesting that other factors might participate in controlling this process. These observations show that lignins containing greater proportions of less rather than more alkoxylated rings as part of β-O-4 units would be more efficiently cleaved by SET mechanisms.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/joceah/2013/joceah.2013.78.issue-18/jo401680z/production/images/medium/jo-2013-01680z_0014.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jo401680z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>