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Regional Structure of the Indian Summer Monsoon in Observations, Reanalysis, and Simulation
Cash, Benjamin A.,Kinter III, James L.,Adams, Jennifer,Altshuler, Eric,Huang, Bohua,Jin, Emilia K.,Manganello, Julia,Marx, Larry,Jung, Thomas American Meteorological Society 2015 Journal of climate Vol.28 No.5
Thermal evaluation of laser exposures in an<i>in vitro</i>retinal model by microthermal sensing
Choi, Tae Y.,Denton, Michael L.,Noojin, Gary D.,Estlack, Larry E.,Shrestha, Ramesh,Rockwell, Benjamin A.,Thomas, Robert,Kim, Dongsik SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineeri 2014 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS Vol.19 No.9
<P>A temperature detection system using a micropipette thermocouple sensor was developed for use within mammalian cells during laser exposure with an 8.6-μm beam at 532 nm. We have demonstrated the capability of measuring temperatures at a single-cell level in the microscale range by inserting micropipettebased thermal sensors of size ranging from 2 to 4 μm into the membrane of a live retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell subjected to a laser beam. We setup the treatment groups of 532-nm laser-irradiated single RPE cell and in situ temperature recordings were made over time. Thermal profiles are given for representative cells experiencing damage resulting from exposures of 0.2 to 2 s. The measured maximum temperature rise for each cell ranges from 39 to 73C; the RPE cells showed a signature of death for all the cases reported herein. In order to check the cell viability, real-time fluorescence microscopy was used to identify the transition of pigmented RPE cells between viable and damaged states due to laser exposure.</P>
Bioactive Lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 and 18:0 Are Elevated in Lungs of Asthmatic Subjects
Mark Yoder,Yan Zhuge,Yang Yuan,Oksana Holian,Sherry Kuo,Richard van Breemen,Larry L. Thomas,Hazel Lum 대한천식알레르기학회 2014 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.6 No.1
Purpose: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, and is associated with upregulation of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), the enzyme that hydrolyzes phosphatidylcholine, producing lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and free fatty acids. LPC is a lipid mediator with known pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic properties, and is believed to be a critical factor in cardiovascular diseases. We postulate that asthmatic subjects have an elevated content of LPC in the lung lining fluids. Methods: Eight non-asthmatic controls and seven asthmatic subjects were recruited for broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF) collection for analysis of LPC by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: LPC16:0 and LPC18:0 were significantly elevated in the BALF of asthmatics with impaired lung function characteristic of moderate asthma, but not mild asthma. The increased LPC content in BALF was accompanied by increased PLA2 activity. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of the BALF cell fraction indicated increased secretory PLA2-X (sPLA2-X). Conclusions: The increased LPC content in the lung lining fluids is a potential critical lipid mediator in the initiation and/or progression of airway epithelial injury in asthma.