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김수동,Jaime Landman,성경탁 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.5
Purpose: To describe our initial experience with the second-generation Single Port Instrument Delivery Extended Reach (SPIDER) laparoendoscopic single-site surgical system in a porcine model. Materials and Methods: In four swine weighing approximately 32 to 35 kg, five nephrectomies,four adrenalectomies, three pyeloplasties, and three partial cystectomies and closures were performed by a single surgeon. The swine were placed in the lateral flank position under general anesthesia. The SPIDER surgical system was introduced through a single incision and the various urological procures were performed by use of flexible instrumentation. Results: All five nephrectomies, four adrenalectomies, three pyeloplasties, and three partial cystectomies and closures were performed successfully without additional skin incisions. The mean time to set up the SPIDER platform was 3.5 minutes. The mean operative time for the right and left nephrectomies was 45.4 minutes and 47.8 minutes,respectively. The mean operative time for the right and left adrenalectomies was 37.6minutes and 35.4 minutes, respectively. The mean operative time for the pyeloplasties for one right and two left ureters was 45.6 minutes and 47.3 minutes, respectively. The mean operative time for the partial cystectomies and closures was 18.6 minutes. There were no noticeable intraoperative complications except for minimal urine leakage in the first pyeloplasty. Conclusions: In this initial pilot evaluation, the second-generation SPIDER surgical system offered intuitive instrument maneuverability and restored triangulation. However, retraction was challenging because of the lack of strength and the limited ability for precise manipulation of the tip. Future refinements of the technology and prospective studies are needed to optimize the application of this technology in urology.
Mary-Jane M. Bopape,Francois A. Engelbrecht,David A. Randall,Willem A. Landman 한국기상학회 2014 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.50 No.2
Cloud Resolving Models (CRMs) which are used increasinglyto make operational forecasts, employ Bulk MicrophysicsSchemes (BMSs) to describe cloud microphysical processes. In thisstudy two BMSs are employed in a new Nonhydrostatic σ-coordinateModel to perform two hour simulations of convection initiated by awarm bubble, using a horizontal grid resolution of 500 m. Differentconfigurations of the two BMSs are applied, to test the effects of thepresence of graupel with one scheme (2-configurations) and ofchanging the cloud droplet sizes in the second scheme (4-configurations),on the simulation of idealised thunderstorms. Maximum updraftsin all the simulations are similar over the first 40 minutes, butstart to differ beyond this point. The first scheme simulates thedevelopment of a second convective cell that is triggered by the coldpool that develops from the outflow of the first storm. The cold poolis more intense in the simulation with graupel because of melting ofgraupel particles, which results in relatively large raindrops, decreasesthe temperature through latent heat absorption, causing strongerdowndrafts, which all contribute to the formation of a more intensecold pool. The second scheme simulates the development of a secondcell in two of its configurations, while two other configurations donot simulate the redevelopment. Two configurations that simulate thesecondary redevelopment produce a slightly stronger cold pool justbefore redevelopment. Our results show that small differences in themicrophysics formulations result in simulations of storm dynamicsthat diverge, possibly due nonlinearities in the model.
Kang, Min Suk,Baek, Seung-Hoon,Chun, Yoon Sun,Moore, A. Zenobia,Landman, Natalie,Berman, Diego,Yang, Hyun Ok,Morishima-Kawashima, Maho,Osawa, Satoko,Funamoto, Satoru,Ihara, Yasuo,Di Paolo, Gilbert,Par American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2013 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.288 No.29
<P>Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) pathology is an invariant feature of Alzheimer disease, preceding any detectable clinical symptoms by more than a decade. To this end, we seek to identify agents that can reduce Aβ levels in the brain via novel mechanisms. We found that (20<I>S</I>)-Rg3, a triterpene natural compound known as ginsenoside, reduced Aβ levels in cultured primary neurons and in the brains of a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. The (20<I>S</I>)-Rg3 treatment induced a decrease in the association of presenilin 1 (PS1) fragments with lipid rafts where catalytic components of the γ-secretase complex are enriched. The Aβ-lowering activity of (20<I>S</I>)-Rg3 directly correlated with increased activity of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4KIIα), a lipid kinase that mediates the rate-limiting step in phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate synthesis. PI4KIIα overexpression recapitulated the effects of (20<I>S</I>)-Rg3, whereas reduced expression of PI4KIIα abolished the Aβ-reducing activity of (20<I>S</I>)-Rg3 in neurons. Our results substantiate an important role for PI4KIIα and phosphoinositide modulation in γ-secretase activity and Aβ biogenesis.</P>