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A meta-analysis of exposure to particulate matter and adverse birth outcomes
Lamichhane, Dirga Kumar,Leem, Jong-Han,Lee, Ji-Young,Kim, Hwan-Cheol The Korean Society of Environmental Toxicology 2015 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.30 No.-
Objectives The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to provide summarized evidence on the association between maternal exposure to particulate air pollution and birth weight (BW) and preterm birth (PTB) after taking into consideration the potential confounding effect of maternal smoking. Methods We systematically searched all published cohort and case-control studies examining BW and PTB association with particulate matter (PM, less than or equal to $2.5{\mu}m$ and $10.0{\mu}m$ in diameter, $PM_{2.5}$ and $PM_{10}$, respectively) from PubMed and Web of Science, from January 1980 to April 2015. We extracted coefficients for continuous BW and odds ratio (OR) for PTB from each individual study, and meta-analysis was used to combine the coefficient and OR of individual studies. The methodological quality of individual study was assessed using a standard protocol proposed by Downs and Black. Forty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Results In random effects meta-analyses, BW as a continuous outcome was negatively associated with $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increase in $PM_{10}$ (-10.31 g; 95% confidence interval [CI], -13.57 to -3.13 g; I-squared=0%, p=0.947) and $PM_{2.5}$ (-22.17 g; 95% CI, -37.93 to -6.41 g; Isquared=92.3%, p<0.001) exposure during entire pregnancy, adjusted for maternal smoking. A significantly increased risk of PTB per $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increase in $PM_{10}$ (OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.41; I-squared=0%, p=0.977) and $PM_{2.5}$ (OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.22; I-squared=92.5%, p<0.001) exposure during entire pregnancy was observed. Effect size of change in BW per $10{\mu}g/m^3$ increase in PM tended to report stronger associations after adjustment for maternal smoking. Conclusions While this systematic review supports an adverse impact of maternal exposure to particulate air pollution on birth outcomes, variation in effects by exposure period and sources of heterogeneity between studies should be further explored.
Dental fiber-post resin base material: a review
Lamichhane, Aashwini,Xu, Chun,Zhang, Fu-Qiang The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2014 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.6 No.1
Teeth that have short clinical crown, which are not alone enough to support the definitive restoration can be best treated using the post and core system. The advantages of fiber post over conventional metallic post materials have led to its wide acceptance. In addition to that the combination of aesthetic and mechanical benefits of fiber post has provided it with a rise in the field of dentistry. Also the results obtained from some clinical trials have encouraged the clinicians to use the fiber posts confidently. Fiber posts are manufactured from pre-stretched fibers impregnated within a resin matrix. The fibers could that be of carbon, glass/silica, and quartz, whereas Epoxy and bis-GMA are the most widely used resin bases. But recently studies are also found to be going on for polyimide as possible material for the fiber post resin base as a substitute for the conventional materials.
Construction of Expression Vectors for the High Level Expression in Actinomycetes
Lamichhane, Tek Narayan,Lamichhane, Rajan,Lee, Hei Chan,Liou, Kwangkyoung,Sohng, Jae Kyung 한국공업화학회 2003 응용화학 Vol.7 No.1
Two expression vectors pIBR100 and pIBR20 were constructed for the high level expression in actinomycetes. The pathway specific gene (actII-ORF4) present in pIBR100 along with bi-directional Pact promoter helps to regulate the expression of different genes in actinomycetes. The act promoter, associated RBS, and His-tag were kept at the upstream of the multiple cloning sitcs. Similarly in pIBR20, a strong constitutive promoter ermE* was cloned along with suitable multiple cloning sites with His-tag. It is a bi-replicate origin vector, which can be used for the expression in both E. coli and actinomycetes. The use of the vector system provides the means for overexpression of several Streptomyces genes and provides a ground for the development of several bioactive materials.
Subcutaneous Injection of Myrrh Essential Oil in Mice: Acute and Subacute Toxicity Study
Lamichhane, Ramakanta,Lee, Kyung-Hee,Pandeya, Prakash Raj,Sung, Kang-Kyung,Lee, SangKwan,Kim, Yun-Kyung,Jung, Hyun-Ju Hindawi 2019 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2019 No.-
<P>Myrrh essential oil (MEO) is widely used as remedies for the different human ailment in different parts of the world. The misuse of this natural product in higher doses may lead to fever, inflammation, and liver and kidney problems. In this study, we performed the acute and subacute toxicity analysis of MEO in mice model after subcutaneous injection and evaluated the safe dose to prevent the possible risk and side effects. Initially (first phase study) higher dose of MEO (20, 40, and 80 <I>μ</I>L) was injected, and later in the second phase study lower dose of MEO (1, 5, and 10 <I>μ</I>L) was injected for three days in each group of mice. Blood samples were taken for the investigation of hematological parameters and activity of various enzymes. The liver, kidney, spleen, lungs, and heart were excised for histological study. The body weight and skin abnormalities were also evaluated. In the first phase study, the mice showed granuloma formation at the site of injection. The liver showed dilated sinusoids and enlarged central vein. In the spleen the distinction between red and white pulp was lost. The kidney showed the degeneration of glomerulus. The enzyme activity and body weight were also decreased by the higher dose. The WBC count also increased nearly by twofold. Pruritus and self-trauma were also evident. Later in the second phase study, the skin abnormalities (granuloma) and damage in the structure of tissue (in liver, spleen, and kidney) were absent along with no change in enzyme levels, blood parameters, and body weight compared to the control. The MEO was toxic to liver, spleen, and kidney in the higher doses. The safe volume of MEO useful for various studies in mice was evaluated. The safe use of MEO should be assured, it should not be misused, being considered as a natural remedy, and there should be awareness of its toxicity and side effects.</P>
Lamichhane, Janardan,Lee, Hei Chan,Liou, Kwankyoung,Kim, Chun Gyu,Sohng, Jae Kyoung 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2
Rubradirin, as ansamycin antibiotic has been isolated from Streptomyces achromogenes va, rubradiris NRRL 3061. It consists of four distinct structural moieties. Amide bond present in th( structure of rubradirin plays an important role as a linkage between the coumarin ring an( didipicolinic acid moiety of the rubradirin. We disrupted the amide bond present in the structure o rubradirin and then analyzed the production of rubradirin and its mutated product with respect to the wild strain. It was observed that the formation of rubradirin could not take place in mutant. Thy rubransarol containing fractions and the native rubradirin were detected by HPLC.