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Kunimoto, Manabu 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究 Vol.18 No.1
Summary Comprehensive bioassay systems for the risk assessment of environmental chemicals have been awaited. In this study, we have developed a new testing method for the assessment of hazardous environmental chemicals using cultured human neuronal cells. This method is based on the image analysis and biochemical analysis of the neurite extension in human neuroblastoma NB-1 cells: length of the extended neurites was determined with an image analysis software, NeuroZoom, and the expression of 440 kDa ankyrinB, a neuronal growth-associated protein, was determined by western blotting. Using this system, fifty chemicals including methylmercury and endocrine disrupting chemicals have been tested. Methylmercury and several other chemicals inhibited the neurite extension and the expression of 440 kDa ankyrinB, while cadmium chloride and several other chemicals promoted both. These results suggest that the extended neurite length together with the expression of 440 kDa ankyrinB shall be a useful biological marker for the effects of neurotoxic environmental chemicals, especially on the developing nervous system.
Basal cytotoxicity as an index for the total hazard existing in environmental water samples
Manabu, Kunimoto 영남대학교 환경문제연구소 2000 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.1
For comprehensive hazard assessment of environmental water samples with lower toxicity, simple bioassay using three human cell lines, basal cytotoxicity test, in combination with brief vacuum condensation have been developed. This bioassay system has been applied to environmental water samples from Lake Kasumigaura, Ayase River and Shinano River. With the condensation process, the cytotoxicity of the samples can be detected much more sensitively. The samples from Lake Kasumigaura showed the highest cytotoxicity in August and showed spatial variations depending on sampling points. In case of river water samples, higher cytotoxicity was associated with higher osmolarity. No significant correlation between the cytotoxicity and water quality data except osmolarity was observed. Next, to evaluate the toxicity existing in effluent water, three different bioassays, basal cytotoxicity test described above, bioluminescence inhibition test using luminescent and daphnia acute immobilization test, were applied to effluent water samples obtained from solid-waste incineration plants. Results obtained from bioassays were compared with the results from chemical and physical analysis. Toxicity observed with bioassays was not necessarily correlated with individual indices from chemical analysis, such as AOX (adsorbable organic halides), dioxins, heavy metal contents and pH. However, the toxicity to human cell lines and daphnia were well correlated with the osmolarity of the samples. Moreover the dose-response curves coincided well with these of standard osmolarity solutions made of sodium chloride or glucose, suggesting that the osmolarity plays a significant role in the toxic effects of these effluent water samples. Therefore, for the application of bioassays to effluent water samples, especially in case of in vitro cytotoxicity tests and daphnia test, consideration of the osmolarity of the samples is essential far accurate assessment of their toxicity. These results indicate that the basal cytotoxicity test is quite useful for the hazard assessment of environmental water with lower toxicity. However, to integrate this kind of indices in environmental management process, systematic and continuous accumulation of bioassay data on water samples with authentic water quality data must be essential.
Abe Tatsuya,Kunimoto Masao,Hachiro Yoshikazu,Ohara Kei,Inagaki Mitsuhiro 대한대장항문학회 2023 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.39 No.3
Purpose: Perineal procedures are an important surgical option for frail and high-risk patients with rectal prolapse. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined therapy using injection sclerotherapy, with aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA), and the Thiersch procedure, using the Leeds-Keio ligament (ALTA-Thiersch).Methods: This study included 106 consecutive patients (mean age, 81.2 years) who underwent ALTA-Thiersch for rectal prolapse. The procedure was performed under caudal epidural anesthesia. ALTA was injected into the submucosa from the tip of the prolapsed rectum down to the dentate line, circumferentially, at 20 to 40 locations. The ligament tape was placed outside the external sphincter muscle and at an approximate depth of 2 cm into the middle anal canal.Results: Of 106 patients, rectal prolapse was cured shortly after surgery in 105 patients. An additional tape was inserted in 1 patient who had persistent prolapse. Postoperative complications were observed in 27 patients (25.5%). Fecal impaction occurred in 12 patients; however, since it was temporary, no tape removal was required. Of the 12 cases in which the tape was infected or exposed, 11 required tape removal. There were 18 cases of recurrence at a mean follow-up of 22.1 months. Cumulative recurrence rates at 3 and 5 years were 21.3% and 38.6%, respectively.Conclusion: ALTA-Thiersch is a simple and safe procedure for rectal prolapse, having reasonable outcomes. The use of the Leeds-Keio ligament for anal encircling can help compensate for the disadvantages of the Thiersch operation.