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Variant insertion of the teres major muscle
Sitthichai Iamsaard,Nut Thunyaharn,Kowit Chaisiwamongkol,Porntip Boonruangsri,Nongnut Uabundit,Wiphawi Hipkaeo 대한해부학회 2012 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.45 No.3
The teres major (TerMa) muscle has a clinical significance for tendon transfer procedures in patients with massive rotator cuff tears. Individually, it originates from the dorsum of the inferior angle of scapula and inserts into the medial lip of bicepital groove of the humerus. Functionally, TerMa in cooperation with latissimus dorsi (LD) adducts arm, medially rotates arm, and assists in arm extension. The variation of TerMa insertion is very rare. In the shoulder and axillary regions of a 33-year-old Thai male cadaver, the variant insertion of the right TerMa was found. The muscle fibers of TerMa are directly attached at the supero-medial border of LD tendon. Notably, there was no terminal tendon of TerMa. To explain an unusual movement of the arm, this rare variation of the TerMa insertion is necessary to be recognized. This case report is very important for surgeons to preoperatively consider using the terminal tendon of TerMa for tendon transfer in treating patients with irreparable cuff tears.
Jintanaporn Wattanathorn,Nattaporn Phunchago,Kowit Chaisiwamongkol,Supaporn Muchimapura,Wipawee Thukham-mee 사단법인약침학회 2015 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.8 No.1
Currently, the therapeutic strategy against memory deficit induced by alcoholism is not satisfactory and is expensive. Therefore, an effective, cheap strategy is required. On the basis of the memory-enhancing effect of stimulation of the HT7 acupoint, we aimed to determine whether acupuncture at the HT7 acupoint can reduce alcoholism-induced memory impairment. The possible underlying mechanism was also explored. Alcoholism was induced in male Wistar rats weighing 180-220 g. The alcoholic rats received either acupuncture at HT7 or sham acupuncture for 1 minute bilaterally once daily for 14 days. Their spatial memory was assessed after 1, 7 and 14 days of treatment. At the end of the study, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes in the hippocampus were determined using colorimetric assays. The results showed that acupuncture at HT7 significantly decreased the AChE activity and the MDA level, but increased the activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-Px in the hippocampus. These results suggest that acupuncture at HT7 can effectively reduce the alcoholism-induced memory deficit. However, further studies concerning the detailed relationships between the location of the HT7 acupoint and the changes in the observed parameters are required.