Analysis of Cholangitis Rates with Extended Perioperative Antibiotics and Adjuvant Corticosteroids in Biliary Atresia

Goh, Lynette,Phua, Kong Boo,Low, Yee,Chiang, Li Wei,Yong, Chen,Chiou, Fang Kuan The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.4

Purpose: There is no consensus regarding adjuvant therapies following Kasai portoenterostomy (KP) for biliary atresia (BA). This study aimed to analyze the effect of extended perioperative intravenous antibiotics (PI-Abx) and adjuvant corticosteroid on cholangitis and jaundice clearance rates in the 3 years post-KP in children with BA. Methods: Data of patients who underwent KP between 1999-2018 at a single center were retrospectively analyzed. Group A (1999-2010) received PI-Abx for 5 days, Group B (2010-2012) received PI-Abx for 5 days plus low-dose prednisolone (2 mg/kg), and Group C (2012-2017) received PI-Abx for 14 days plus high-dose prednisolone (5 mg/kg). Results: Fifty-four patients were included with groups A, B, and C comprising 25, 9, and 20 patients, respectively. The number of episodes of cholangitis was 1.0, 1.6, and 1.3 per patient (p=NS) within the first year and 1.8, 2.3, and 1.7 (p=NS) over 3 years in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. The jaundice clearance rate at 6 months was 52%, 78%, and 50% (p=NS), and the 3-year native liver survival (NLS) rate was 76%, 100%, and 80% (p=NS) in Groups A, B, and C, respectively. A near-significant association was observed between the incidence of cholangitis within the first year and decompensated liver cirrhosis/death at 3 years post KP (p=0.09). Persistence of jaundice at 6 months was significantly associated with decompensated cirrhosis/death at 3 years (p<0.001). Conclusion: The extended duration of PI-Abx and adjuvant corticosteroids was not associated with improved rates of cholangitis, jaundice clearance, or NLS in patients with BA.

죽염의 첨가 급여가 육계의 증체량, 도체성분 및 혈액성분에 미치는 영향

고용균(Yong Gyun Goh),장동균(Dong-Gyun Jang),공유진(You-Jin Kong),김혜진(Hye-Jin Kim),장애라(Aera Jang) 한국가금학회 2017 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.44 No.3

죽염은 우리나라에서 전래되어온 전통적 민간 의방의 하나로서 소화기 장애의 치료제로 사용되었다. 또한 염증, 당뇨, 순환기 질환, 바이러스성 질환 및 암 등 여러 가지 병의 치료에 효과적이라고 알려져 있다. 죽염은 여러 가지 광물질을 함유하고 있어 가축의 사육과정에서 생산성 향상에 영향을 미칠 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 본 시험은 3회 구운 생활죽염을 사료에 첨가 급여할 때 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 기초사료에 죽염을 0.1%, 0.2% 및 0.3% 수준으로 첨가 급여하여 육계의 증체량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구율, 도체성분 및 혈액 성분에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 사양시험을 실시하였으며, 본 시험에서 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 육성전기에 생활죽염 첨가에 의한 증체량의 차이가 나타났으며 0.3% 첨가구인 T3구가 대조구에 비하여 9.6% 향상된 증체성적을 보였다. 사료요구율은 대조구에 비하여 죽염 0.3% 첨가구인 T3 처리구가 유의적으로 낮게 나타나, 약 2.6% 향상된 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 또한 음수량과 분변 중 수분함량은 0.3% 죽염을 첨가 급여할 경우, 대조구에 비해 유의적(p<0.05)으로 증가하였으나, 닭가슴살의 일반성분, 복부지방함량 비율 및 혈액 성분은 죽염 첨가에 의한 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. This study investigated the effect of bamboo salt (BS) on body gain, feed intake, meat composition, and blood characteristics of broiler chicks. BS was processed by roasting salt at 1,200∼1,300℃ in a bamboo container, with the open end plugged with red clay. In total, 120 broiler chicks were assigned to four treatments. Each treatment was triplicated, with 10 chicks in each treatment group. The supplementation levels of the three BS-treated feeds were 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%. Body weight gain slightly increased in broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with BS compared to that of the control during the overall test period. However, no significant differences were observed among treatments. Feed intake was also not significantly different among treatments. Feed efficiency was significantly (p<0.05) improved in broiler chicks fed diets supplemented with BS compared to that of the control. Body weight gain was more positively affected by the dietary BS supplement at the beginning of the experimental period than toward the end. Water intake was positively correlated with the dietary 0.3% BS level (p<0.05). Breast meat composition and cholesterol levels were also not affected by BS supplementation. The total protein, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and total cholesterol levels in the blood were not significantly different among treatments.

SECC : VHDL 어의 검사기 컴파일러

공진홍(Jin-Hyeung Kong),박찬원(Chan-Won Park),박성주(Seong-Joo Park),고형일(Hyung-Il Goh),이규용(Gyu-Yong Lee) 대한전자공학회 1995 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1995 No.6

Eye Globe Abnormalities on MR and CT in Adults: An Anatomical Approach

James Thomas Patrick Decourcy Hallinan,Premilla Pillay,Lilian Hui Li Koh,Kong Yong Goh,Wai-Yung Yu 대한영상의학회 2016 Korean Journal of Radiology Vol.17 No.5

Eye globe abnormalities can be readily detected on dedicated and non-dedicated CT and MR studies. A primary understanding of the globe anatomy is key to characterising both traumatic and non-traumatic globe abnormalities. The globe consists of three primary layers: the sclera (outer), uvea (middle), and retina (inner layer). The various pathological processes involving these layers are highlighted using case examples with fundoscopic correlation where appropriate. In the emergent setting, trauma can result in hemorrhage, retinal/choroidal detachment and globe rupture. Neoplasms and inflammatory/infective processes predominantly occur in the vascular middle layer. The radiologist has an important role in primary diagnosis contributing to appropriate ophthalmology referral, thereby preventing devastating consequences such as vision loss.

Homeobox Transcription Factors Are Required for Conidiation and Appressorium Development in the Rice Blast Fungus <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i>

Kim, Seryun,Park, Sook-Young,Kim, Kyoung Su,Rho, Hee-Sool,Chi, Myoung-Hwan,Choi, Jaehyuk,Park, Jongsun,Kong, Sunghyung,Park, Jaejin,Goh, Jaeduk,Lee, Yong-Hwan,Copenhaver, Gregory P. Public Library of Science 2009 PLoS genetics Vol.5 No.12

<▼1><P>The appropriate development of conidia and appressoria is critical in the disease cycle of many fungal pathogens, including <I>Magnaporthe oryzae</I>. A total of eight genes (<I>MoHOX1</I> to <I>MoHOX8</I>) encoding putative homeobox transcription factors (TFs) were identified from the <I>M. oryzae</I> genome. Knockout mutants for each <I>MoHOX</I> gene were obtained via homology-dependent gene replacement. Two mutants, <I>ΔMohox3</I> and <I>ΔMohox5</I>, exhibited no difference to wild-type in growth, conidiation, conidium size, conidial germination, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity. However, the <I>ΔMohox1</I> showed a dramatic reduction in hyphal growth and increase in melanin pigmentation, compared to those in wild-type. <I>ΔMohox4</I> and <I>ΔMohox6</I> showed significantly reduced conidium size and hyphal growth, respectively. <I>ΔMohox8</I> formed normal appressoria, but failed in pathogenicity, probably due to defects in the development of penetration peg and invasive growth. It is most notable that asexual reproduction was completely abolished in <I>ΔMohox2</I>, in which no conidia formed. <I>ΔMohox2</I> was still pathogenic through hypha-driven appressoria in a manner similar to that of the wild-type. However, <I>ΔMohox7</I> was unable to form appressoria either on conidial germ tubes, or at hyphal tips, being non-pathogenic. These factors indicate that <I>M. oryzae</I> is able to cause foliar disease via hyphal appressorium-mediated penetration, and <I>MoHOX7</I> is mutually required to drive appressorium formation from hyphae and germ tubes. Transcriptional analyses suggest that the functioning of <I>M. oryzae</I> homeobox TFs is mediated through the regulation of gene expression and is affected by cAMP and Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signaling and/or MAPK pathways. The divergent roles of this gene set may help reveal how the genome and regulatory pathways evolved within the rice blast pathogen and close relatives.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>Pathogens have evolved diverse strategies to cause disease. <I>Magnaporthe oryzae</I> is the fungal phytopathogen that causes rice blast and is considered an important model for understanding mechanisms in fungal development and pathogenicity. Asexual reproduction and infection-related development play key roles in <I>M. oryzae</I> disease development. The conidium of <I>M. oryzae</I> differentiates a specialized structure, an appressorium. The appressorium generates turgor pressure that allows penetration through the mechanical rupture of host cuticle layers. After colonizing host cells, the fungus produces massive conidia via conidiogenesis, serving as secondary propagules for the polycyclic disease. To elucidate molecular mechanisms in asexual reproduction and appressorium-mediated disease development, we identified eight homeobox transcription factors through a genome-wide <I>in silico</I> analysis. Characterization using deletion mutants revealed that each homeobox TF functions as a stage-specific regulator for conidial shape, hyphal growth, conidiation, appressorium development, and invasive growth during <I>M. oryzae</I> development. Notably, conidiation and appressorium development were entirely abolished in <I>ΔMohox2</I> and <I>ΔMohox7</I>, respectively. This study also provides evidence that <I>M. oryzae</I> is able to cause rice blast by means of hypha-driven appressoria upon responses to host signaling factors. This study will aid in the understanding of regulatory networks associated with fungal development and pathogenicity.</P></▼2>