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Yasunori Nakamura,Jun Sano,Kohji Ohki,Toshimasa Higuchi,Kotaro Aihara,Seiichi Mizuno,Osami Kajimoto,Satoshi Nakagawa,Yoshitaka Kajimoto 한국식품영양과학회 2005 Journal of medicinal food Vol.8 No.4
Casein hydrolysate, prepared with Aspergillus oryzaeprotease, contains angiotensin I-converting enzyme in-hibitory peptides, such as Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studyto evaluate the effect of casein hydrolysate on the blood pressure of 144 subjects with high-normal blood pressure (n . 104)and mild hypertension (n . 40). Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups for a 12-week intake period. In the test group,both systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure decreased significantly compared with the placebo group: SBP/DBPsignificantly decreased from 138.2. 6.5/84.4. 5.3 mm Hg at week 0 to 132.3. 7.3 (P. .001)/81.2. 4.8 mm Hg (P..001) at week 12. In the stratified analysis, the test product showed an antihypertensive effect in both the subject group withhigh-normal blood pressure and that with mild hypertension. No side effect was observed in any subjects in this study. Theseresults demonstrate that the casein hydrolysate, prepared with A. oryzaeprotease, produced a significant reduction in bloodpressure in a population of subjects with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension without an adverse event.
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Teppei Nakamura,Tatsuhiko Hirota,Katsura Mizushima,Kohji Ohki,Yuji Naito,Naoyuki Yamamoto,Toshikazu Yoshikawa 한국식품영양과학회 2013 Journal of medicinal food Vol.16 No.5
Milk-derived peptides, Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) and Ile-Pro-Pro (IPP), have angiotensin I–converting enzyme inhibitory activities and blood pressure-lowering effects. We examined the effects of these peptides on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E–deficient [apoE(−/−)] mice. For 31 weeks, six-week-old male apoE(−/−) mice received a diet that included one of the following: fermented milk containing both VPP and IPP; casein hydrolysate containing both of these peptides; synthesized VPP; synthesized IPP; enalapril; captopril; or control diet. At the end of feeding, blood biochemistry, aortic atherogenesis, and gene expression by DNA microarray analysis were evaluated. There were no significant changes in the plasma lipid levels and 8-isoprostane, a marker of oxidative stress. The area ratio of intima to media in the aortic arch was significantly lower in the fermented milk, casein hydrolysate, synthesized VPP, enalapril, and captopril groups than in the control group. As is common with diets containing VPP and/or IPP, we observed reductions in mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, and transcription regulators. These results suggest that a continuous intake of VPP and IPP might be beneficial for preventing atherosclerosis caused by hypercholesterolemia.
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