Congratulatory Message

Kobayashi,Kompenhans 한국가시화정보학회 2003 한국가시화정보학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Determining the Absolute Abundances of Natural Radioactive Elements on the Lunar Surface by the Kaguya Gamma-ray Spectrometer

Kobayashi, S.,Hasebe, N.,Shibamura, E.,Okudaira, O.,Kobayashi, M.,Yamashita, N.,Karouji, Y.,Hareyama, M.,Hayatsu, K.,d’Uston, C.,Maurice, S.,Gasnault, O.,Forni, O.,Diez, B.,Reedy, R. C.,Kim, K. J. Springer-Verlag 2010 Space science reviews Vol.154 No.1

EFFECTS OF FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES ON MILK-YIELD AND MILK-COMPONENTS OF DAIRY COWS

Kobayashi, S.,Eida, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.1

Fructo-oligosaccharides are found in many plants, such as onion, burdock and wheat. They are not well hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes in animals, but are peculiarly assimilated by Bifidobacterium and some useful bacteria. In our previous experiment (Kobayashi et al., 1987) it was suggested that they were effective in decreasing energy loss in the metabolism of dairy calves. In the present study, the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides on body weight, milk-yield and milk-components (fat, protein and solids-not-fat) were investigated in dairy cows. Lactating cows were fed a standard diet containing fructoligo saccharides at 18.70g, 9.35g and 0.0g (control) per 100kg body weight, day for three weeks. Neither treatments significantly affected any of the parameters examined. The fructo-oligosaccharides were assumed to be hydrolyzed by rumen microorganisms and hardly to affect the bacterium florae in the intestines of the lactating cows.

Search for sub-GeV dark matter by annual modulation using XMASS-I detector

Kobayashi, M.,Abe, K.,Hiraide, K.,Ichimura, K.,Kishimoto, Y.,Kobayashi, K.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Ogawa, H.,Sato, K.,Sekiya, H.,Suzuki, T.,Takeda, A.,Tasaka, S.,Yamashita, M.,Yang, B.S.,Kim, N.Y.,K North-Holland Pub. Co 2019 Physics letters. Section B Vol.795 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A search for dark matter (DM) with mass in the sub-GeV region (0.32–1 GeV) was conducted by looking for an annual modulation signal in XMASS, a single-phase liquid xenon detector. Inelastic nuclear scattering accompanied by bremsstrahlung emission was used to search down to an electron equivalent energy of 1 keV. The data used had a live time of 2.8 years (3.5 years in calendar time), resulting in a total exposure of 2.38 ton-years. No significant modulation signal was observed and 90% confidence level upper limits of 1.6 × <SUP> 10 − 33 </SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0.5 GeV was set for the DM-nucleon cross section. This is the first experimental result of a search for DM mediated by the bremsstrahlung effect. In addition, a search for DM with mass in the multi-GeV region (4–20 GeV) was conducted with a lower energy threshold than previous analysis of XMASS. Elastic nuclear scattering was used to search down to a nuclear recoil equivalent energy of 2.3 keV, and upper limits of 2.9 × <SUP> 10 − 42 </SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 8 GeV was obtained.</P>

Synthesis and Properties of Functional Phenolic Resins

Ataru Kobayashi,Tsuyoshi Kimura,Mamiko Nishi,Go kobayashi,Takatsugu Tajima,Tadamasa Nemoto,Yoshiaki Nakamoto 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10

Examining the Effects of Metacognitive Instruction in Oral Communication for EFL Learners

Ayako Kobayashi 아시아영어교육학회 2020 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.17 No.2

This study investigated the effects of metacognitive instruction in oral communication for EFL learners over a semester. Participants (N = 58) were sampled from four oral communication classes in a private university in the western part of Japan where the researcher had been working as an English instructor. They were freshmen whose majors were not English. The treatment group (n = 28) received metacognitive instruction in oral communication (i.e., they were taught how to improve oral communication skills and how to become more autonomous learners through metacognitive processes as well as activities such as planning, monitoring, and reflecting). The contrast group (n = 30), taught by the same teacher, did not receive metacognitive instruction although they used the same textbooks and materials and had more time for interaction in English. Results of the questionnaire (SRLQ, the Self-Regulated Learning in Oral Communication Questionnaire, Kobayashi, 2016a) showed that students in the treatment group became more self-regulated learners. Moreover, it was found that the treatment group made greater gains in interactional competence, regulation of cognition, cognitive strategies and interaction strategies. Furthermore, it was verified that learners with low interactional competence in the treatment group benefited the most from such metacognitive instruction.

Characterization of phenolic compounds biosynthesized in pink-colored skin of Japanese indigenous Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu grape

Kobayashi, Hironori,Suzuki, Yumiko,Ajimura, Kosei,Konno, Tomonori,Suzuki, Shunji,Saito, Hiroshi The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.1

Vitis vinifera cv. Koshu is a traditional grape cultivar that has been grown for centuries in Japan. The Koshu grape has pink-colored skin and Koshu wines have slight astringency. We demonstrated for the first time the characterization of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols, and flavonoids in Koshu grape using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The gross weight of phenolic compounds excluding anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in Koshu grape at harvest was higher than those in Sauvignon Blanc, Chardonnay, and Merlot grapes. In addition, hydroxycinnamic acid and monomeric flavonol contents in Koshu grape were also higher than those in the other grape cultivars. Transcription analysis of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase, p-coumarate 3-hydroxylase, caffeate methyltransferase, and flavonol synthase genes indicated high accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols in Koshu grape skin compared with the other cultivars. These findings obtained by chemical and molecular approaches partially explained the phenolic characteristics and the peculiar astringency of Koshu grape.

Mesoscopic-scale grain formation in HfO2-based ferroelectric thin films and its impact on electrical characteristics

Kobayashi Masaharu,Wu Jixuan,Sawabe Yoshiki,Takuya Saraya,Hiramoto Toshiro 나노기술연구협의회 2022 Nano Convergence Vol.9 No.50

Ferroelectric memory devices are expected for low-power and high-speed memory applications. ­HfO 2 -based fer- roelectric is attracting attention for its CMOS-compatibility and high scalability. Mesoscopic-scale grains, of which size is almost comparable to device size, are formed in ­HfO 2 -based ferroelectric poly-crystalline thin films, which largely influences electrical characteristics in memory devices. It is important to study the impact of mesoscopic-scale grain formation on the electrical characteristics. In this work, first, we have studied the thickness dependence of the polarization switching kinetics in ­HfO 2 -based ferroelectric. While static low-frequency polarization is comparable for different thickness, dynamic polarization switching speed is slower in thin ­Hf 0.5 Zr 0.5 O 2 (HZO) capacitors. Based on the analysis using the NLS model and physical characterization, thinner HZO contains smaller grains with orientation non-uniformity and more grain boundaries than thicker HZO, which can impede macroscopic polarization switching. We have also theoretically and experimentally studied the polar-axis alignment of a ­HfO 2 -based ferroelectric thin film. While in-plane polar orientation is stable in as-grown HZO, out-of-plane polarization can be dominant by applying electric field, which indicates the transition from in-plane polar to out-of-plane polar orientation in the ferroelectric phase grains. This is confirmed by calculating kinetic pathway using ab-initio calculation.

Plasma Application To Thermal Processing For Hybrid Functionally Materials

Kobayashi, Akira The Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrica 2008 조명.전기설비 Vol.22 No.6

HF (5 MHz) Imaging of the Moon by Kaguya Lunar Radar Sounder Off Nadir Echo Data

Kobayashi, Takao,Kim, Jung-Ho,Lee, Seung Ryeol IEEE 2018 IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing Vol.56 No.7

<P>HF (5MHz) imaging of lunar surface was attempted using off nadir echo data of Kaguya Lunar Radar Sounder (LRS). LRS observation data of multiple orbits were processed and mapped onto a surface which was defined based on the Kaguya Digital Elevation Model. The transmitting/receiving antenna of LRS is a dipole antenna which illuminates lunar surface on both sides of orbit, consequently, in a single-orbit observation, a detected target location has ambiguity in terms of the side of the orbit. However, use of multiple orbit data enables to resolve this ambiguity problem, i.e., radar illumination is controlled. We demonstrated this HF imaging technique by reconstructing surface images of Rupes Recta region using LRS observation data of 61 orbits. Control of radar illumination was confirmed by the presence/absence of Rupes Recta image in the reconstructed surface images. As it was anticipated, the reconstructed surface images presented false images which were identified as mirror images of major surface features. We also carried out simulation of these LRS observations of 61 orbits over the Rupes Recta site using Kirchhoff-approximation Surface Scattering (KiSS) simulation code. Comparison of the images of LRS observation and those of KiSS simulation exposed some discrepancies. Our interpretation is that the discrepancies are attributed to shallow subsurface scatterings which the KiSS simulation does not take into account. This implies the possibility of imaging shallow lava tubes by LRS, although we did not find one in this particular site of Rupes Recta region.</P>