Hardcore Smoking in Three South-East Asian Countries: Results from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey

Kishore, Jugal,Jena, Pratap Kumar,Bandyopadhyay, Chandan,Swain, Monali,Das, Sagarika,Banerjee, Indrani Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.2

Background: Hardcore smoking is represented by a subset of daily smokers with high nicotine dependence, inability to quit and unwillingness to quit. Estimating the related burden could help us in identifying a high risk population prone to tobacco induced diseases and improve cessation planning for them. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of hardcore smoking in three South-East Asian countries and discussed its implication for smoking cessation intervention in this region. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data of India, Bangladesh and Thailand were analyzed to quantify the hardcore smoking prevalence in the region. On the basis of review, an operational definition of hardcore smoking was adopted that includes (1) current daily smoker, (2) no quit attempt in the past 12 months of survey or last quit attempt of less than 24 hours duration, (3) no intention to quit in next 12 months or not interested in quitting, (4) time to first smoke within 30 minutes of waking up, and (5) knowledge of smoking hazards. Logistic regression analysis was carried out using hardcore smoking status as response variable and gender, type of residence, occupation, education, wealth index and age-group as possible predictors. Results: There were 31.3 million hardcore smokers in the three Asian countries. The adult prevalence of hardcore smoking in these countries ranges between 3.1% in India to 6% in Thailand. These hardcore smokers constitute 18.3-29.7% of daily smokers. The logistic regression model indicated that age, gender, occupation and wealth index are the major predictors of hardcore smoking with varied influence across countries. Conclusions: Presence of a higher number of hardcore smoking populations in Asia is a major public health challenge for tobacco control and cancer prevention. There is need of intensive cessation interventions with due consideration of contextual predictors.

Occurrence of Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Fungi in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Seeds in Andhra Pradesh, India

Kishore, G.Krishna,Pande, S.,Manjula, K.,Rao, J.Narayana,Thomas, D. The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2002 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.18 No.4

Andhra Pradesh is one of the major groundnut growing states in India. A total of 182 groundnut samples collected at harvesting from farmers fields in five districts, namely; Anantapur, Chittoor, Cuddapah, Kurnool, and Mahaboobnagar, during 1999 and 2000 rainy seasons were evaluated for the presence of mycotoxins (both aflatoxins and zearalenone) and toxigenic fungi. In samples collected from each district, average seed infection by Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium spp. was 11.9-18.3% and 5.6-12.8% in 1999, and 9.5-14.1% and 9.4-11.9% in 2000, respectively. Among the samples collected, 20.3% and 16.5% were contaminated with aflatoxin in 1999 and 2000, respectively, and in 11.4% and 8.7% of the seed samples collected in two seasons, the aflatoxin content was >30 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. An alarming aflatoxin content of 851.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg was found in samples collected from Anantapur district during the rainy season in 1999. Zearalenone was not detected in any of the samples collected in 1999, while 2 out of 103 samples collected in 2000 were contaminated with 35.1 and 129.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/kg. Under in vitro cultural conditions, 35.8% of the 173 A. flavus isolates collected from the groundnut samples produced aflatoxins at concentrations of 94.3-1598.6 ng/$\textrm{m}{\ell}$ and 3% of the 266 Fusarium spp. isolates produced 98.1-847.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/g of zearalenone. The results emphasize the need for a more systematic and regular monitoring of pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination.

Control of Late Leaf Spot of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) by Extracts from Non-Host Plant Species

Kishore, G.Krishna,Pande, S.,Rao, J.Narayana The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2001 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.17 No.5

The effects of leaf extracts of 14 different non-host plant species on in vitro conidial germination of Phaeoisariopsis personata, the causal organism of late leaf spot(LLS) of groundnut were evaluated. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of Datura metel, Lawsonia inermis and aqueous leaf extracts of Sphaeranthus indicus at 25%(w/v) concentration completely inhibited the conidial germination of P. personata both at 24h and 48h after incubation. Aqueous leaf extracts of Blumea bifoliata, Eucalyptus globules, Ocimum sanctum and Pongamia pinnata, and ethanol leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica and S. indicus inhibited the conidial germination by >90%. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extract of L. inermis and S. indicus were highly inhibitory to conidial germination up to 1% concentration. Aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts of D. metel and ethanol leaf extract of A. indica were highly inhibitory to P. personata even at 0.01% (100 ppm) concentration. Ethanol leaf extract of A. indica up to $80^{\circ}$, aqueous leaf extracts of D. metel and S. indicus up to $100^{\circ}$, and L. inermis up to $60^{\circ}$, were highly stable and retained their fungitoxic effects. Extract of D. metel was antifungal even after 180 days when it was stored both at room temperature and $4^{\circ}$. Aqueous leaf extract of D. metel at 2% concentration effectively reduced the development of LLS by >60%, under greenhouse conditions both in prophylactic and simultaneous applications. Extracts of D. metel could be a potential economical and an eco-frendly alternative for control of late leaf spot, and its efficacy under field conditions is further being evaluated.

Calibration and validation of WD-XRF for composition analysis and trace elemental analysis in particulate matter

Kishore Babu Dasari,Gwang Min Sun,Yong-Hyeon Nam 한국분석과학회 2019 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.5

Results Matter : Pragmatism Prevails in Asia

Kishore Mahbubani 동아시아재단 2010 Global Asia Vol.5 No.1

Wake up, Washington : The US risks losing Asia

Kishore Mahbubani 동아시아재단 2007 Global Asia Vol.2 No.2

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the pharmacological activities of ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana Linn. aerial parts

Kishore Kumar Sarkar,Trina Mitra,Rabindra Nath Acharyya,Samir Kumar Sadhu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2019 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.19 No.1

The present study was designed to investigate different phytochemical groups present in ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana aerial parts (EAMA) as well as to assess the analgesic, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, anthelmintic and cytotoxic activities of EAMA. Moreover, peripheral and central analgesic activities were evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced paw licking test, tail immersion test and hot plate test. In vivo castor oil-induced diarrheal model and magnesium sulphate induced diarrheal model in mice were utilized for the assessment of antidiarrheal activity. Again, antibacterial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion assay. Anthelmintic activity was carried out on Paramphistomum cervi (Trematoda). Cytotoxic activity was assessed through brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The extract demonstrated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides and gums in phytochemical screening. In case of acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin induced paw licking test, both lower and higher doses of EAMA showed significant percentage inhibition of writhing as well as paw licking respectively (*P < 0.05, vs. control). EAMA at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg revealed significant latency response (*P < 0.05, vs. control) in delayed phase in both tail immersion as well as hot plate test. Moreover, significant percentage inhibition (*P < 0.05, vs. control) of diarrhea was exposed by both doses of EAMA in in vivo diarrheal models. In disc diffusion assay, EAMA showed antibacterial activities against both gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. Again, the extract exhibited anthelmintic and cytotoxic activity in a dose dependent manner.

Was Trump Right or Wrong on China? Biden’s Answer Will Shape the Future

Kishore Mahbubani 동아시아재단 2021 Global Asia Vol.16 No.1

A Secure Key Predistribution Scheme for WSN Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Kishore Rajendiran,Radha Sankararajan,Ramasamy Palaniappan 한국전자통신연구원 2011 ETRI Journal Vol.33 No.5

Security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is an upcoming research field which is quite different from traditional network security mechanisms. Many applications are dependent on the secure operation of a WSN, and have serious effects if the network is disrupted. Therefore, it is necessary to protect communication between sensor nodes. Key management plays an essential role in achieving security in WSNs. To achieve security, various key predistribution schemes have been proposed in the literature. A secure key management technique in WSN is a real challenging task. In this paper, a novel approach to the above problem by making use of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) is presented. In the proposed scheme, a seed key, which is a distinct point in an elliptic curve, is assigned to each sensor node prior to its deployment. The private key ring for each sensor node is generated using the point doubling mathematical operation over the seed key. When two nodes share a common private key, then a link is established between these two nodes. By suitably choosing the value of the prime field and key ring size, the probability of two nodes sharing the same private key could be increased. The performance is evaluated in terms of connectivity and resilience against node capture. The results show that the performance is better for the proposed scheme with ECC compared to the other basic schemes.

Expressing Cobb Angle as Linear Measurement in Scoliosis and Its Significance: A Clinical and Geometrical Analysis of Scoliosis

Kishore Puthezhath 대한척추신경외과학회 2017 Neurospine Vol.14 No.4

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate an objective clinical and geometric relationship between Cobb angle and the difference between the lengths of convex and concave sides (convexo-concave vertebral difference) of the structural curve in scoliosis. Is it possible to express Cobb angle in such a way that it could be visualized as a length, especially while planning for surgical correction of scoliosis? Methods: Thirty consecutive patients below the age of 19 years with a scoliosis of Cobb angle more than 10 degrees were included in the study. Convexo-concave vertebral difference of the structural curve was measured. Its relationship with the measure of Cobb angle was studied. Results: Author obtained a significant linear correlation between the convexo-concave vertebral differences and the Cobb angle. Using the formula Y=2d.Sin (X/2) the convexo-concave vertebral difference could be predicted. The difference thus obtained gives a quantitative measure of the maximum length of correction possible in the structural curve. Conclusion: It is possible to express the Cobb angle as a function of linear measurement. The author proposes that this would aid the surgeons to accurately and predictably achieve the desired scoliosis correction.