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KIRSTEEN KIM 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2008 Acta Koreana Vol.11 No.3
In 1991 a Korean theologian, Chung Hyun Kyung provoked controversy at the assembly of the World Council of Churches by presenting a theology of the Holy Spirit in the form of a Shamanist exorcism. Korean theology of the Holy Spirit has been significant not only in the growth of Christianity in Korea but also in its contribution to Korea’s national development in the twentieth century. This article offers some background in the religio-cultural traditions which lie behind the distinctive Korean approach to pneumatology. The article goes on to examine three different strands of Korean Christian thinking about the Holy Spirit—the theologies of Suh Nam-dong, Cho Yonggi, Ryu Tong-Shik—which appropriate meanings of ‘spirit’ in traditional Korean culture and religion. Through a dialogue between the Korean theologians, the article highlights distinctive aspects of Korean theology of the Spirit, which represent a constructive Korean contribution to the important global Christian debate about pneumatology.
Ibsen Henric Ongidi,Fadhila Yusuf Abdulsalaam,Thomas Mombo Amuti,Wycliffe O,Kaisha,Kirsteen O,Awori,Anne Naipanoi Pulei 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.2
Codeine is an opioid analgesic and antitussive that has been widely abused. Some adverse effects noted with its abuse include adrenocortical insufficiency and activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The structural basis for these dysfunctions is not clearly understood. Twenty-five adult male rats were used for the study. They were divided into intervention and control groups that were administered 40 mg/kg of codeine phosphate and normal saline respectively by gavage daily for 50 days. Subsequently, both groups were given normal saline for a further fourteen days to note recovery changes. At day 0, 50 and 64, rats were randomly selected from both groups, euthanized and adrenal glands harvested for histological processing and analysis. At day 50 of codeine administration, the adrenal glands demonstrated an increase in zona fasciculata thickness but a decrease in zona reticularis thickness. Lower values were noted in the volume density of zona reticularis and cells count of the medulla in the experimental compared to the control groups (P-value<0.05). The experimental group also showed an increase in vascularization and connective tissue in the glands. After 14 days of recovery, most of the changes observed in experimental animals were reversed and the adrenal glands in both groups had similar features. A decrease in cell count of the adrenal medulla was however observed (P-value<0.05). In conclusion administration of codeine phosphate causes discernible changes in the microscopic structure of the adrenal gland, most of which appear to be reversed after two weeks recovery period.