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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Kiernan, Matthew C. (검색결과 8 건)
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Ryan, Kiernan 한국예술종합학교 연극원 연극학과 2002 연극의 이론과 비평 Vol.- No.3
이런 시점에서 과연 신역사주의가 어떤 이론이며 그들이 말하는 문화연구(Culture Studies)가 어떤 식으로 이루어지는 것인지, 그리고 문화유물론이 어떤 태도로 문화를 바라보는지를 가볍게 정리해 보는 것이 필요하다고 본다. 하지만 이 글은 신역사주의와 문화유물론에 대한 어떤 거창한 입장을 밝히는 글이 아니다. 그리고 이 두 이론을 그렇게 간단하게 정리한다는 것 자체가 이 두 이론이 가지는 장점을 지워버리는 일이 될 것이다. 그보다는 지금 너무나 자주, 그리고 쉽게 쓰여지고 있는 두 명칭과 그 이론이 어떤 식의 입장을 가지고 있는지를 간단하게 엿보고자 한다. 그러기 위해서 좀 늦은 감이 있지만 1996년에 키넌 라이언이 편집한 『신역사주의와 문화유물론: 독본』이란 책이 어떤 식으로 두 이론을 소개하는지를 한번 알아보고자 한다. 이 책은 그간 너무나 많이 이야기되고 있는 신역사주의와 문화유물론 양쪽의 입장을 아울러 정리하면서 그 두 이론이 어떤 이론들에서 출발했는지, 그리고 어떤 입장을 취하고 있는지, 그리고 어떤 식으로 텍스트를 읽어나가는지를 여러 학자들의 글을 모으고 그 앞에 편집자인 키난 라이언이 서문을 붙여 정리하는 형식을 취하고 있다. 이 글은 단지 이 책의 서평이라고 말하기보다는 서평을 핑계로 한 두 이론에 대한 간단한 요약정리라고 하는 편이 더 타당할 것이다. 하나의 책을 근간으로 해서 두 이론이 무엇인지를 어슴프레하게나마 살펴본다고 하는 의미에서 키넌라이언의 책은 두 이론을 이리저리 헤집어보거나 해찰할 수 있는 작은 집게로 보고자 한다.
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Sensory and motor axons are different: implications for neurological disease
Burke, David,Howells, James,Kiernan, Matthew C. The Korean Society of Clinical Neurophysiology 2017 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.19 No.1
Using threshold tracking, differences have been established between large myelinated sensory and ${\alpha}$ motor axons in humans. Major differences are that sensory axons are relatively depolarised at rest such that they have a greater persistent $Na^+$ current, and have greater activity of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. Sensory axons may thereby be protected from hyperpolarising stresses, and are less likely to develop conduction block. However, the corollary is that sensory axons are more excitable and more likely to become ectopically active.
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Sensory and motor axons are different: implications for neurological disease
David Burke,James Howells,Matthew C. Kiernan 대한임상신경생리학회 2017 Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology Vol.19 No.1
Using threshold tracking, differences have been established between large myelinated sensory and α motor axons in humans. Major differences are that sensory axons are relatively depolarised at rest such that they have a greater persistent Na+ current, and have greater activity of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. Sensory axons may thereby be protected from hyperpolarising stresses, and are less likely to develop conduction block. However, the corollary is that sensory axons are more excitable and more likely to become ectopically active.
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The Puzzling Case of Hyperexcitability in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
배종석,Neil G. Simon,Parvathi Menon,Steve Vucic,Matthew C. Kiernan 대한신경과학회 2013 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.9 No.2
The development of hyperexcitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a well-known phenomenon. Despite controversy as to the underlying mechanisms, cortical hyperexcitability appears to be closely related to the interplay between excitatory corticomotoneurons and inhibitory interneurons. Hyperexcitability is not a static phenomenon but rather shows a pattern of progression in a spatiotemporal aspect. Cortical hyperexcitability may serve as a trigger to the development of anterior horn cell degeneration through a ‘dying forward’process. Hyperexcitability appears to develop during the early disease stages and gradually disappears in the advanced stages of the disease, linked to the destruction of corticomotorneuronal pathways. As such, a more precise interpretation of these unique processes may provide new insight regarding the pathophysiology of ALS and its clinical features. Recently developed technologies such as threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation and automated nerve excitability tests have provided some clues about underlying pathophysiological processes linked to hyperexcitability. Additionally, these novel techniques have enabled clinicians to use the specific finding of hyperexcitability as a useful diagnostic biomarker, enabling clarification of various ALS-mimic syndromes, and the prediction of disease development in pre-symptomatic carriers of familial ALS. In terms of nerve excitability tests for peripheral nerves, an increase in persistent Na+ conductances has been identified as a major determinant of peripheral hyperexcitability in ALS, inversely correlated with the survival in ALS. As such, the present Review will focus primarily on the puzzling theory of hyperexcitability in ALS and summarize clinical and pathophysiological implications for current and future ALS research.
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배종석,Michele Ferguson,Rachel Tan,Eneida Mioshi,Neil Simon,James Burrell,Steve Vucic,John R. Hodges,Matthew C Kiernan,Michael Hornberger 대한신경과학회 2016 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.12 No.2
Background and Purpose Tis study investigated the structural and functional changes in the motor system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; n=25) and behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD; n=17) relative to healthy controls (n=37). Methods Structural changes were examined using a region-of-interest approach, applying voxel-based morphometry for gray-matter changes and difusion tensor imaging for white-matter changes. Functional changes in the motor system were elucidated using threshold-tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measurements of upper motor-neuron excitability. Results The structural analyses showed that in ALS there were more white-matter changes in the corticospinal and motor-cortex regions and more gray-matter changes in the cerebellum in comparison to controls. bvFTD showed substantial gray- and white-matter changes across virtually all motor-system regions compared to controls, although the brainstem was afected less than the other regions. Direct comparisons across patient groups showed that the gray- and white-matter motor-system changes inclusive of the motor cortex were greater in bvFTD than in ALS. By contrast, the functional integrity of the motor system was more adversely afected in ALS than in bvFTD, with both patient groups showing increased excitability of upper motor neurons compared to controls. Conclusions Cross-correlation of structural and functional data further revealed a neural dissociation of diferent motor-system regions and tracts covarying with the TMS excitability across both patient groups. Te structural and functional motor-system integrities appear to be dissociated between ALS and bvFTD, which represents useful information for the diagnosis of motor-system changes in these two disorders.
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