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Khadka, Daulat Bikram,Park, Seojeong,Jin, Yifeng,Han, Jinhe,Kwon, Youngjoo,Cho, Won-Jea Elsevier 2018 European journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.143 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>With a goal of identifying potent topoisomerase (topo) inhibitor, the C4-aromatic ring of the anticancer agent, 3,4-diarylisoquinolone, was strategically shifted to design 1,3-diarylisoquinoline. Twenty-two target compounds were synthesized in three simple and efficient steps. The 1,3-diarylisoquinolines exhibited potent anti-proliferative effects on cancer cells but few compounds spared non-cancerous cells. Inhibition of topo I/IIα-mediated DNA relaxation by several derivatives was greater than that by camptothecin (CPT)/etoposide even at low concentration (20 μM). In addition, these compounds had little or no effect on polymerization of tubulin. A series of biological evaluations performed with the most potent derivative <B>4cc</B> revealed that the compound is a non-intercalative topo I catalytic inhibitor interacting with free topo I. Collectively, the potent cytotoxic effect on cancer cells including the drug resistance ones, absence of lethal effect on normal cells, and different mechanism of action than topo I poisons suggest that the 1,3-diarylisoquinolines might be a promising class of anticancer agents worthy of further pursuit.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> 1,3-Diarylisoquinoline was designed based on structure of 3,4-diarylisoquinoline. </LI> <LI> 1,3-Diarylisoquinolines were cytotoxic against cancer cells. </LI> <LI> Several derivatives inhibited topo I/IIα activity even at low concentration. </LI> <LI> 1,3-Diarylisoquinolines had weak or no antitubulin activity. </LI> <LI> 1,3-Diarylisoquinoline <B>4 cc</B> is a non-intercalative topo I catalytic inhibitor. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Effects of Ge Alloying on Device Characteristics of Kesterite-Based CZTSSe Thin Film Solar Cells
Khadka, Dhruba B.,Kim, SeongYeon,Kim, JunHo American Chemical Society 2016 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.120 No.8
<P>The impacts of Ge alloying on crystal growth and device properties of kesterite-based CZTSSe thin film solar cells fabricated by chalcogenization of sputtered stacks in S/Se ambient were investigated. It was found that Ge-alloyed CZTSSe material improved the grain growth, compactness of film texture, and crystallinity of absorber layers as, a consequence of the device efficiencies were enhanced from similar to 3 to 6%. The investigations on optoelectronic characteristics of devices illustrated that the improvements in devices were mainly governed by decrease in diode ideality factor, suppression of crossover effect between white and dark J-V curves, and reduction of defect level in Ge-alloyed CZTSSe solar cell device. These results suggest the possibility to achieve a further improvement in the optoelectronic characteristics of the devices that could be accomplished by optimization of the technological processes with a fine-timing of the Ge content in the layers.</P>
Topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents: a patent update
Khadka, Daulat B,Cho, Won-Jea Informa UK, Ltd. 2013 Expert opinion on therapeutic patents Vol.23 No.8
<P><B><I>Introduction:</I></B> Topoisomerases (topos) are nuclear enzymes that resolve topological problems associated with DNA during various genetic processes. The essential role of topos in vital processes of the cell, their elevated level in solid tumors and cell death due to their inhibition make topos inhibitors as a potent class of antineoplastic agents.</P><P><B><I>Areas covered:</I></B> This review specifically summarizes patents embracing topo I, topo I and II inhibitors. The review covers topos inhibitors which are structurally close to camptothecin (CPT), natural products such as lamellarins and synthetic trisubstituted pyridines. It largely focuses on chemical entities developed by systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of natural benzo[<I>c</I>]phenanthridine (nitidine) and synthetic protoberberine (coralyne) established as antineoplastic agents targeting topo(s). In addition, indenoisoquinolines and evodiamines initially discovered through COMPARE analysis and receptor-based virtual screening (VS) respectively have been discussed.</P><P><B><I>Expert opinion:</I></B> Along with conventional techniques, computer-aided VS, molecular modeling and docking studies have been applied for drug design, discovery and development. Computer-aided tools provide a rational way to explain pharmacological activities of topos inhibitors under study. Comparative study of crystal structures of topo I/II-DNA-drug ternary complex and use of appropriate pharmacological screening methods will lead to potential anticancer drugs in the coming days.</P>
Khadka, Dhruba B.,Kim, JunHo American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.26
<P>Polycrystalline Cu<SUB>2</SUB>Zn<SUB><I>z</I></SUB>Fe<SUB>1–<I>z</I></SUB>SnS<SUB>4</SUB> (CZFTS) thin films have been fabricated using chemical spray pyrolysis accompanied by postsulfurization. The postsulfurized CZFTS films demonstrate promising morphological, structural, and optical properties for photoabsorber in thin film photovoltaics. The structural transition from stannite to kesterite is found with the increase of zinc content in CZFTS alloy by using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The band gap energies of postsulfurized CZFTS films are observed to be tuned from ∼1.36 ± 0.02 to 1.51 ± 0.02 eV in parabolic-increase trend with increasing Zn content (0 ≤ <I>z</I> ≤ 1). A small bowing constant <I>b</I> ∼ 0.1 ± 0.05 eV deduced from band gap bowing model implicates good miscibility of alloyed constituents in the host crystal lattice.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-26/jp503678h/production/images/medium/jp-2014-03678h_0009.gif'></P>
Khadka, Dhruba B.,Kim, SeongYeon,Kim, JunHo American Chemical Society 2015 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.119 No.22
<P>Cd-free kesterite-based Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnSe<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTSe)/In<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> champion solar cell of 5.74% efficiency has been fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis. In this fabrication route, CZTSe absorber layer was sprayed by using a precursor solution, where metallic salts were dissolved in water-based solvent and subsequently selenized with Se powder at high temperature. In<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> buffer as an alternative to CdS buffer was also deposited by chemical spray pyrolysis. The device characteristics were studied by measuring dark/light illuminated <I>J</I>–<I>V</I>–<I>T</I>, external quantum efficiency, temperature dependence of open circuit voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>OC</SUB>) and series resistance (<I>R</I><SUB>s</SUB>), and admittance spectroscopy. The performance of sprayed CZTSe/In<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB>3</SUB> solar cell was found to be limited by high back-contact barrier potential, poor carrier collection, and detrimental intrinsic defect states in device.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2015/jpccck.2015.119.issue-22/acs.jpcc.5b03193/production/images/medium/jp-2015-031939_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp5b03193'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>