The Relations Between Pakistan and China

Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.11 No.2

Pakistan and China are exemplary friends and their friendship has laid down indelible imprints on the sand of time. the geographical proximity and mutuality of interest are the key features to promote bilateral relations. Pakistan and China assisted each other in different sectors to strengthen their friendship bond. Pakistan and China have a deep-rooted strategic partnership that spans several decades. This partnership is based on shared interests and mutual trust. Both countries have consistently supported each other on various international issues. Economic cooperation is a cornerstone of the Pakistan-China relationship. China has invested significantly in Pakistan through various infrastructure projects, including the China- Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), which aims to connect China's western region to Pakistan's Gwadar Port through a network of roads, railways, and pipelines. This project is seen as a game-changer for Pakistan's economy. Pakistan and China have a growing trade relationship. China is one of Pakistan's largest trading partners, and the two countries have signed several agreements to enhance trade and reduce trade barriers. Pakistan exports various products to China, including textiles, agricultural goods, and seafood. Pakistan and China have a long history of military cooperation. they conduct joint military exercises and have a history of arms sales and technology transfers. the collaboration in the defense sector is an important aspect of their relationship. Both countries often support each other diplomatically in international forums. there are cultural exchanges and cooperation in education and tourism between the two countries. This helps foster people-to-people connections and a better understanding of each other's cultures. the Pakistan-China relationship has significant geopolitical implications, particularly in the context of South Asia. It provides China with a strategic foothold in the region and access to the Arabian Sea through Gwadar Port. It also has implications for the balance of power in the region, particularly in relation to India.

The Chinese Government is Committed to Implementing the Policy of Equality Among All Ethnic Groups in China

Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.11 No.1

This unified, multiethnic nation was formed by all of China's ethnic groups. The long-term presence of a unified multi-ethnic state in Chinese history greatly facilitated interactions between different ethnic groups on the economic, political, and cultural levels, strengthened their loyalty to the government and their identification with Chinese culture, and increased the cohesion force, vitality, and creativity of the Chinese nation, giving rise to the unification and diversity of Chinese civilization. Through education and advertising, the state makes a lot of effort to advance interethnic harmony. Ethnic unity education has been a part of both civic ethical education and the broader Chinese cultural and ideological creation process.

Effect of external force on buckling of cytoskeleton intermediate filaments within viscoelastic media

Muhammad Taj,Muhammad Safeer,Muzamal Hussain,Muhammad N. Naeem,Manzoor Ahmad,Kamran Abbas,Abdul Q. Khan,Abdelouahed Tounsi 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2020 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.25 No.3

Cytoskeleton components in living cell bear large compressive force and are responsible in maintaining the cell shape. Actually these filaments are surrounded by viscoelastic media within the cell. This surrounding, viscoelastic media affects the buckling behavior of these filaments when external force is applied on these filaments by exerting continuous pressure in opposite directions to the incipient buckling of the filaments. In this article a mechanical model is applied to account the effects of this media on the buckling behavior of intermediate filaments network of cytoskeleton. The model immeasurably associates; filament’s bending rigidity, adjacent system elasticity, and cytosol viscosity with buckling wavelength, buckling growth rate and buckling amplitude of the filaments.

Emerging Politics of SAARC in New Scenario and Women Political Representation

Hussan Ara,Kamran Taj,Miss Faiza Mir 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.3 No.2

The SAARC (South Asian Association for regional countries) is a politically very important region. The political scenario in SAARC is undergoing various changes switching over from traditionalism towards Modernization. SAARC reflects a backward third world area, where women participation in the political sphere was considered as a forbidden fruit. The socio- cultural, economic and political factors are the major hurdle in the way of women’s representation. There is still vacuum in politics regarding women participation. Women leadership programmes are streamlining to bring women on key posts as Prime Ministers President, foreign ministers, speaker and opposition leader etc. This region has produced more female chief executives as compare to the rest of the world. The political awareness, women empowerment, role of media, constitution, society and international instruments played pivotal role bring women on forefront of politics. The zipper system of the world demands that there should be equivalent representation of male and female in the legislature.

Post-Taliban Afghanistan: Economic Collapse and Security Challenges in the region

Ghulam Dastagir,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.7 No.1

In mid of August 2021 Kabul once again fell under the control of Taliban after twenty years long war. This bizarre development in the already destabilized region of South Asia has raise so many and very grave questions regarding the security of the various crises stricken region of South Asian. The long conflict, Islamic Jihad against and civil war in Afghanistan had culminated in the shape of Taliban who take over control of Afghanistan in 1990s which became a heaven for Terrorist originations such as Al Qaeda and many more which caused the tragic terrorist attack of 9/11. This caused Great War against Terrorism when US with all its power and NATO allies had onslaught over Afghanistan. This war continued for over twenty years but resulted a great tragic military debacle in the year 2021 when Afghan Taliban took over control of the entire in less than ten days. In this research paper the author has tried to analyze background, challenges and prospects of Taliban take over at regional and international level along with recommendation to deal with this new political development.

Developmental Challenges, Opportunities and Prospects in Afghanistan

Hussan Ara Magsi,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.6 No.3

The Taliban has captured power after prolonged period with new inspiration after the ouster of US troops. The geo-political approach will be applied to analyses the data about Taliban government in modern scenario. The data will be collected through the secondary sources: books, newspaper, magazines, and journals etc. The main objectives of the research paper are to highlight the new strategy of Taliban government regarding the formation of new government. How this regime will be different from previous one in terms of policy formation, implementation, illumination. The three-pronged strategy will be adopted in this research paper. What will be impact on the regional politics. How America is going to respond to the newly establish government. The SWOT analysis will be made, and findings will be extracted from this analysis.

How Rule of Law Complements Economic Development

Muhammad Yousaf Kakar,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2022 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.7 No.2

The rule of law and legal systems are seen as a precondition for long-term economic growth. The weakness of the legal system in the developing world is seen as a major problem in economic growth. Therefore, strengthening the rule of law and legal systems is required for the economic development of the developing world. The rule of law, on the other hand, is a multidimensional concept that consists of a variety of separate components ranging from personals security, property protection, government accountability and control of corruption. The rule of law is required at the National level to create a good environment for generating sustainable livelihoods and reducing poverty. It also promotes development by empowering individuals and communities, assuring access to justice, ensuring due process, and establishing remedies for human rights violations. More so, security of livelihoods, shelter, tenure and contracts can enable and empower the poor to defend themselves against violations of their rights. Legal empowerment promotes and improves economic prospects in addition to providing legal remedies. For the achievement of sustainable development goals, all human rights, including economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the right to development, must be protected by the implementation of the legal system of the country. Further rule of law may provide a legal framework, contractual clarity, and conflict resolution process that aid economic growth and development.

How Rule of Law Complement Economic Development

Muhammad Yousaf Kakar,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.5 No.3

The rule of law and legal systems are seen as precondition for longterm economic growth. The weakness of legal system in the developing world is seen as the major problem in economic growth. Therefore, strengthening the rule of law and legal systems is required for the economic development for the developing world. The rule of law, on the other hand, is a multidimensional concept that consists variety of separate components ranging from personals security, property protection, government accountability and control of corruption. The rule of law is required at the National level to create a good environment for generating sustainable livelihoods and reducing poverty. It’s also promotes development by empowering individuals and communities, assuring access to justice, ensuring due process, and establishing remedies for human rights violations. More so, security of livelihoods, shelter, tenure and contracts can enable and empower the poor to defend themselves against violations of their rights. Legal empowerment promotes and improves economic prospects in addition to providing legal remedies. For the achievement of sustainable development goals, all human rights, including economic, social, and cultural rights, as well as the right to development, must be protected by implementation of legal system of the country. Further rule of law may provide a legal framework, contractual clarity, and conflict resolution process that aid economic growth and development.

Women’s Participation in Politics: A Case Study of Balochistan

Ajmal Khan,Hussan Ara,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.10 No.3

This research examines the issue of women's participation in politics in Balochistan, with a focus on the barriers and challenges they face in actively engaging in political affairs. Balochistan, a province in Pakistan, presents a unique case where women's participation in politics is significantly lower compared to other democratic states. Despite constitutional guarantees of equal rights and opportunities for women, their representation in political decision-making processes remains marginal. This study investigates the factors contributing to this under-representation, including illiteracy, traditional and patriarchal societal norms, cultural barriers, economic dependency, and the male-dominated structure of political parties. The research employs a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews and oral testimonies with key stakeholders, including female members of the Provincial Assembly, social activists, lawyers, councilors, and women organization administrators. Thematic analysis of the collected data reveals a lack of political activism among women and limited efforts by political parties to promote women's empowerment. The study recommends a multifaceted approach to address these challenges, including educational reforms, legal protections against discrimination, political reforms such as increasing reserved seats and promoting merit-based selection, social and cultural transformation through awareness campaigns, and economic empowerment of women. The findings of this research contribute to the existing body of knowledge on women's political participation and provide insights and recommendations to enhance women's empowerment and foster a more inclusive and democratic political environment in Balochistan.

Exploring the Level of Certain Political Factors such as Politicians’ Behaviors Influencing Civil-Military Relations through the Perception of Lecturers and University Students of Balochistan

Naseeb Ullah,Husan Ara,NisarAhmed,Muhammad Kamran Taj 아시아사회과학학회 2023 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.10 No.3

This abstract discusses the factors that weaken civil-military relations in Pakistan, specifically focusing on the subjects of political science and Pakistan studies at the college and university level. The researcher utilized a descriptive research design and employed a convenience sampling technique to gather data from 200 lecturers and university students in Baluchistan through a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 13 closed-ended items on a Likert scale, examining political factors related to the behavior of politicians as study variables. Descriptive statistics indicated that both the teaching and learning respondents perceived these factors to be weakening, with politicians prioritizing their personal interests over national interests being the most significant factor. The findings emphasize the crucial importance of strong civil-military relations for the progress of Pakistan, the motherland. These factors impede the country's development efforts. The researcher recommends that politicians should bring about positive change in their behavior.