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Namioka, T.,Nagai, Y.,Yoshikawa, K.,Min, T. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2012 International journal of hydrogen energy Vol.37 No.22
Durability of a nickel and scandia-stabilized zirconia cermet anode against toluene in hydrogen was evaluated in this paper. Anode deterioration was judged by the loss of elemental nickel from a surface of an anode. Elemental nickel loss was observed when the toluene concentration was 3 or 10 g/Nm<SUP>3</SUP>, steam to carbon ratio was 1, and current density was 0.5 A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at both temperatures: 1073 K and 1173 K. Therefore the tolerance criterion must be less than 3 g/Nm<SUP>3</SUP> in hydrogen in the experimental conditions. However, the deterioration can be mitigated to some extent by increasing the operating temperature, steam-to-carbon ratio, or current density. Anode deterioration was also mitigated when hydrogen concentration in the fuel gas was nearly identical to that of wood gas. The influence of hydrogen concentration in the fuel gas on deterioration may be substantial. The loss of elemental nickel could not be detected instantaneously by electrochemical diagnosis.
Eun Sook Hwang,Hyung Jae Lee,A. Yoshikawa,C.-H. Hong,E. M. Park,E.-K. Suh,S.B. Che,X. Wang,Y. Ishitani 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.4
Unintentionally doped n-type InN epilayers were grown on sapphire by using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and were characterized by using Hall effect and X-ray diffraction. The electron density was in a narrow range of 3.6 . 4.5 × 1018 cm.3. Hall effects showed that two scattering mechanisms due to ionized impurities and space charges dominate at temperatures lower than room temperature. The lattice-limited mobility was calculated at 5800 cm2/V·s at 300 K. Despite the high density of edge dislocations, scattering due to those dislocations turned out to be negligible. Instead, space-charge scattering was significant and likely originated from randomly clustered dislocations, typically in InN layers. Two donor states were observed, one above and the other below the conduction band minimum. The thermal activation energy of the lower state donor was high due to the Fermi energy level being located deep in the conduction band, and the state seemed to be related to the dislocations.docum
Chewpraditkul, W.,Bruza, P.,Panek, D.,Pattanaboonmee, N.,Wantong, K.,Chewpraditkul, W.,Babin, V.,Bartosiewicz, K.,Kamada, K.,Yoshikawa, A.,Nikl, M. Elsevier [etc.] 2016 Journal of luminescence Vol.169 No.1
The optical and scintillation properties of Ce<SUP>3+</SUP>-doped YGd<SUB>2</SUB>Al<SUB>5-x</SUB>Ga<SUB>x</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> (x=2,3,4) single crystals were investigated. With increasing Ga content in the garnet host, the 5d<SUB>1</SUB> absorption and emission bands shift toward higher energy due to the decrease in the crystal field splitting of the 5d levels. Temperature dependences of absorption and emission spectra and of photoluminescence decays of both prompt and delayed components were measured. Light yield (LY) and its dependence on an amplifier shaping time were measured under excitation with γ-rays. High LY value of 38,000photons/MeV was obtained for a YGd<SUB>2</SUB>Al<SUB>2</SUB>Ga<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB>:Ce sample. Scintillation decay was measured with an extended dynamical and temporal scale under the nanosecond-pulsed soft X-ray excitation. The relative content of the fastest component in the scintillation response increases with increasing Ga content.
High-Power ECRH Experiments in the GAMMA 10 Tandem Mirror
yoshinori Tatematsu,A. Itakura,D. Nagai,H. Higaki,H. Hojo,I. Katanuma,J. Kohagura,K. Nozaki,K. Sakamotoa,K. Ishii,M. Ichimura,M. Yoshikawa,M. Hirata,M. K. Islam,N. Machida,O. Watanabe,T. Imai,T. Numak 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
Power-up of gyrotrons was carried out and corresponding launcher systems were designed for plug and central-cell ECRH systems in the GAMMA 10 tandem mirror. Then, a high-power ECRH experiment was started. For the plug ECRH, new 500-kW gyrotrons produced a new record value of the confining potential. For the central-cell ECRH, development of a new antenna system has increased the transmission rate of incident microwave power and focused it onto the machine axis in the resonance surface. As a result, a clear increase of the diamagnetism was observed during the pulse of ECRH.
Namioka, T.,Saito, A.,Inoue, Y.,Park, Y.,Min, T.j.,Roh, S.a.,Yoshikawa, K. Applied Science Publishers 2011 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.88 No.6
Operating conditions for low-temperature pyrolysis and steam reforming of plastics over a ruthenium catalyst were investigated. In the range studied, the highest gas and lowest coke fractions for polystyrene (PS) with a 60gh<SUP>-1</SUP> scale, continuous-feed, two-stage gasifier were obtained with a pyrolyzer temperature of 673K, steam reforming temperature of 903K, and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) of 0.10g-sample g-catalyst<SUP>-1</SUP>h<SUP>-1</SUP>. These operating conditions are consistent with optimum conditions reported previously for polypropylene. Our results indicate that at around 903K, the activity of the ruthenium catalyst was high enough to minimize the difference between the rates of the steam reforming reactions of the pyrolysates from polystyrene and polypropylene. The proposed system thus has the flexibility to compensate for differences in chemical structures of municipal waste plastics. In addition, the steam reforming temperature was about 200K lower than the temperature used in a conventional Ni-catalyzed process for the production of hydrogen. Low-temperature steam reforming allows for lower thermal input to the steam reformer, which results in an increase in thermal efficiency in the proposed process employing a Ru catalyst. Because low-temperature steam reforming can be also expected to reduce thermal degradation rates of the catalyst, the pyrolysis-steam reforming process with a Ru catalyst has the potential for use in small-scale production of hydrogen-rich gas from waste plastics that can be used for power generation.
Hasegawa, K.,Yoshikawa, A.,Durbin, S.D.,Epellbaum, B.M.,Fukuda, T.,Waku, Y. The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 1999 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.9 No.4
Fiber growth of $Al_{2}O_{3}/R-Al-O$ (R = Y, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er) eutectic by the micro-pulling down method is described. The thermal stability and strength at elevated temperature of each materials is evaluated in relation to the microstructure.
Kamada, K.,Nikl, M.,Kurosawa, S.,Shoji, Y.,Pejchal, J.,Ohashi, Y.,Yokota, Y.,Yoshikawa, A. Elsevier [etc.] 2016 Journal of luminescence Vol.169 No.2
Pr doped (Lu,Gd)<SUB>3</SUB>(Ga,Al)<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. The crystals were greenish and transparent with 3.0mm in diameter, 10-30mm in length. Neither visible inclusions nor cracks were observed. Luminescence and scintillation properties were measured. The substitution at the Al<SUP>3+</SUP> sites by Ga<SUP>3+</SUP> in garnet structure has been studied. The Pr<SUP>3+</SUP> 5d-4f emission is observed within 300-380nm wavelength superposed with 312nm emission line of Gd<SUP>3+</SUP>. Pr0.2%:Lu<SUB>2.5</SUB>Gd<SUB>1</SUB>Ga<SUB>3</SUB>Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> shows highest emission intensity. The light yield of Pr0.2%:Lu<SUB>2.5</SUB>Gd<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ga<SUB>2</SUB>Al<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> sample with diameter 3mmx1mm size was around 8000ph/MeV. Two-exponential approximations of scintillation decay showed 39.6ns (30.6%) and 151ns (69.4%) decay times.