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Shin, D.H.,Muller, D.,Choi, T.,Noh, Y.M.,Yoon, Y.J.,Lee, K.H.,Shin, S.K.,Chae, N.,Kim, K.,Kim, Y.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2014 Atmospheric environment Vol.83 No.-
Shipboard measurements of microphysical and optical properties of marine boundary-layer aerosols were performed around the Korean Peninsula from 2 to 5 December 2009. The measurements were conducted aboard the Korean icebreaking research vessel Araon during cruise tracks in the East Sea of Korea near Busan and Pohang. This paper describes the results of optical aerosol measurements acquired with a DePolarization Lidar (DPL) and an optical particle counter (OPC) and data on meteorological parameters. Backward trajectory analyses indicate that two different aerosol characteristics according to different pathways of air mass were encountered during the cruise. We find a high correlation between wind speeds across the east coast of Korea and extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio and mass concentration Correlation coefficient (R<SUP>2</SUP>) are 0.57, 0.52 and 0.67, respectively. The increase of extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio and number concentration with wind speed may have been caused by the increase of sea-salt aerosol production and transport.
Chang, H. W.,Kim, Y. H.,Lee, J.,Hofmann, S.,Lussem, B.,Muller-Meskamp, L.,Gather, M. C.,Leo, K.,Wu, C. C. Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2014 Organic electronics Vol.15 No.5
In this work, we demonstrate color-stable, ITO-free white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with enhanced efficiencies by combining the high-conductivity conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS as transparent electrode and a nanoparticle-based scattering layer (NPSL) as the effective optical out-coupling layer. In addition to efficiency enhancement, the NPSL is also beneficial to the stabilization of electroluminescent spectra/colors over viewing angles. Both the PEDOT:PSS and the NPSL can be fabricated by simple, low-temperature solution processing. The integration of both solution-processable transparent electrodes and light extraction structures into OLEDs is particularly attractive for applications since they simultaneously provide manufacturing, cost and efficiency advantages. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Noh, Y.M.,Lee, K.,Kim, K.,Shin, S.K.,Muller, D.,Shin, D.H. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2016 Atmospheric environment Vol.138 No.-
<P>We estimate the aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) and heating rate profiles of mixed East Asian dust plumes in the solar wavelength region ranging from 0.25 to 4.0 mu m using the Santa Barbara Discrete Ordinate Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) code. Vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficients and single-scattering albedos (SSA) were derived from measurements with a multi-wavelength Raman lidar system. The data are used as input parameters for our radiative transfer calculations. We considered four cases of radiative forcing in SBDART: 1. dust, 2. pollution, 3. mixed dust plume and the use of vertical profiles of SSA, and 4. mixed dust plumes and the use of column-averaged values of SSA. In our sensitivity study we examined the influence of SSA and aerosol layer height on our results. The ADRF at the surface and in the atmosphere shows a small dependence on the specific shape of the aerosol extinction vertical profile and its light-absorption property for all four cases. In contrast, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), the ADRF is largely affected by the vertical distribution of the aerosols extinction. This effect increases if the light-absorption capacity (decrease of SSA) of the aerosols increases. We find different radiative effects in situations in which two layers of aerosols had different light-absorption properties. The largest difference was observed at the TOA for an absorbing aerosol layer at high altitude in which we considered in one case the vertical profile of SSA and in another case the column-averaged SSA only. The ADRF at the TOA increases when the light-absorbing aerosol layer is located above 3 km altitude. The differences between height-resolved SSA, which can be obtained from lidar data, and total layer-mean SSA indicates that the use of a layer-mean SSA can be rather misleading as it can induce a large error in the calculation of the ADRF at the TOA, which in turn may cause errors in the vertical profiles of heating rates. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Noh, Y.M.,Muller, D.,Shin, D.H.,Lee, H.,Jung, J.S.,Lee, K.H.,Cribb, M.,Li, Z.,Kim, Y.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2009 Atmospheric environment Vol.43 No.4
Aerosol optical and microphysical parameters from severe haze events observed in October 2005 at Gwangju, Korea (35.10<SUP>o</SUP>N, 126.53<SUP>o</SUP>E) were determined from the ground using a multi-wavelength Raman lidar, a sunphotometer, and a real-time carbon particle analyzer and from space using satellite retrievals. Two different aerosol types were identified based on the variability of optical characteristics for different air mass conditions. Retrievals of microphysical properties of the haze from the Raman lidar indicated distinct light-absorbing characteristics for different haze aerosols originating from eastern and northern China (haze) and eastern Siberia (forest-fire smoke). The haze transported from the west showed moderately higher absorbing characteristics (SSA=0.90+/-0.03, 532nm) than from the northern direction (SSA=0.96+/-0.02). The organic/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratio varied between 2.5+/-0.4 and 4.1+/-0.7.
Noh, Y.M.,Muller, D.,Lee, H.,Lee, K.,Kim, K.,Shin, S.,Kim, Y.J. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2012 Atmospheric environment Vol.61 No.-
The contribution of dust and non-dust aerosols to the lidar observed total backscattering was estimated from the linear particle depolarization ratios (δ<SUB>p</SUB>) under the assumption of externally mixed aerosols. During intensive observation period, the contribution rate of the non-dust aerosol optical depth (AOD, τ) to total AOD increased from 30% on 22 October to 82% on 30 October, which implies that large amount of non-dust particles was transported along with Asian dust storm. Using independent aerosol optics and profiles for dust and non-dust, for the first time, instantaneous aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) of the Asian dust plumes on atmosphere-surface system was quantified. The average ADRF by the dust particles was -31.5 +/- 16.1 (-66.3 +/- 20.2) W m<SUP>-2</SUP> at the surface, -16.5 +/- 8.8 (-11.2 +/- 9.2) W m<SUP>-2</SUP> at the TOA, respectively. The forcing efficiency, defined as the aerosol forcing per unit τ (532 nm), for dust (non-dust) particles was -124.6 +/- 12.2 (-209.4 +/- 59.1) W m<SUP>-2</SUP>/τ<SUB>532</SUB> at the surface and -64.9 +/- 7.8 (-35.1 +/- 28.0) W m<SUP>-2</SUP>/τ<SUB>532</SUB> at the TOA, respectively. Though the contribution of non-dust optical depth to total τ was smaller than the contribution of optical depth from dust to total optical depth, the non-dust particles contributed larger to the radiative forcing at the surface than the dust radiative forcing. This result demonstrates that increased Asian dust radiative forcing can be largely attributed to the presence of non-dust particles mixed into Asian dust layers rather than the radiative forcing by pure dust particles. We also found that non-dust particles play a significant role in stabilizing the dust layer by increasing the radiative heating rates within dust layers.
One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material
Wang, L.,Meric, I.,Huang, P. Y.,Gao, Q.,Gao, Y.,Tran, H.,Taniguchi, T.,Watanabe, K.,Campos, L. M.,Muller, D. A.,Guo, J.,Kim, P.,Hone, J.,Shepard, K. L.,Dean, C. R. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2013 Science Vol.342 No.6158
<P><B>Better Contact Along the Edge</B></P><P>Electrical contact to graphene is normally done with metal contacts on its flat face, where there are few strong bonding sites for the metal. <B>Wang <I>et al.</I></B> (p. 614) encapsulated graphene with hexagonal boron nitride sheets and made metal contacts along its edge, where bonding orbitals are exposed. The resulting heterostructures had high electronic performance, with room-temperature carrier mobilities near the theoretical phonon-scattering limit.</P>