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小型 컴퓨터 效率向上을 위한 密結合 멀티프로세서 시스템의 設計및 具現
孫潤永,吳胄煥 영남대학교 공업기술연구소 1985 연구보고 Vol.13 No.2
As the cost of basic micro-computer decreases, it becomes economically feasible to connect many together, producing hardware configurations equalling or exceeding larger single process or systems in total computing ability, system flexibility, and performancecost ratio. In this paper, design and realization of master-slave type multiprocessor system with common memory are presented. The slave processor which is assigned tasks by a master shared main memory with the master-slave processor for information exchange and are capable of running the CP/M operation system by itself. In case of a large scale matrix calculation, each of processors can do computation each partitioned matix in parallel, reducing overall excuting time. In other case of sort-merge processing on massive data, it may be possible to split up the job in a number of tasks and run each on a different processor individually. In other words, this mutiprocessor system which is presented in this paper can be used for tasks that currently require large uniprocessor capable of executing the job.
최두환,구시선,배승훈,박병현,안선호,송주흥 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1996 圓光醫科學 Vol.12 No.2
To elucidate the incidences and the clinical characteristics of glomerular diseases in our hospital, we reviewed the clinical records and histological findings of the 117 cases, which were diagnosed as one of the glomerular disease in renal biospy for about 6 years since 1991. In these 117 cases, 74 cases (63.2 %) fell into primary glomerulonephritis(GN), 18 cases (15.4%) into secondary GN, 2 cases (1.7 %) into end stage kidney, 4 cases (3.4%) into tubulointerstitial disease and the biopsy samples were inadequate for diagnosis in 19 cases. In primary glomerular diseases, most common pathologic diagnosis was IgA nephropathy (36.5 %}, followed by minimal change nephrotic syndrome (29.7%). The incidence of IgA nephropathy would be increased if we had biopsied every asymptomatic urinary abnormality (AUA) patients. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) . hepatitis B accounted for most of secondary GN in our cases. One case of progressive scleroderma was included in this secondary GN. Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (22 cases) was the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome, followed by membranous GN (9 cases) and IgA nephropathy (8 cases). 2 cases of primary amyloidosis were presented with nephrotic syndrome. Nephrotic syndrome as presenting symptom in our IgA nephropathy patients was higher than in other studies, which may be due to indication bias for renal biopsy. We suggest that renal biopsy should be done in adult nephrotic syndrome and in SLE, because various kind of glomerular diseases can develop nephrotic syndrome in adult, renal biopsy can affect the treatment and prognosis in each patients and renal biopsy also determines the extent of renal involvement in SLE on which the treatment depends. In AUA urinary patients, renal biopsy could be reserved for the patients who show declining of GFR or rising of proteinuria. Because IgA nephropathy account for most of AUA. and there is no specific treatment for IgA nephropathy, and renal biopsy in those cases is helpful in ruling out the patients who need no treatment.
Ju-Hwan Han,Chang-Deok Koo,Changmann Yoon,Gil-Hah Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2009 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.05
To investigate the ecological emergence of pine sawyer beetle adult, it was examined the escape time and period and daily escape according to the tree species at Cheongwon, Chungbuk from 2006 to 2008. In the emergence chamber with non-shading treatment, the adults began to escape on May 6 in Pine and Korean white pine, May 13 in Japanese larch, and the last day of emergence was examined the beginning to Middle of June in Pine tree, middle to last of June in Korean white pine, last of May in Japanese larch, it showed the difference among tree species. In the emergence chamber with shade treatment, the first day of emergence of adult was delayed the eleven to sixteen days and showed lower 2.22℃ in temperature compare to the emergence chamber with non-shading treatment. Escape period did not show the difference between males and females. Daily emergence was escaped throughout 24 hrs. Number of emergence adult in daily hours was highest emerged with 22.8% in 12-14:00 and lowest in 06-08:00. Among escaped adults from shaded chamber in 2007, ratio of the adults of one generation per year was showed 98.8% and ratio of one generation in two year was observed 1.1 % in 2008. From 2006 to 2008, sex ratio of emerged adult from Korean white pine was showed 0.53-0.58 and its average was 0.54.
Pain, Depression, Body Mass Index in Conscripts with Chronic Low Back Pain in South Korea
Ju Hwan Lee,Ki Mai Um,Jung San Wang,Sa Gyeom Lee,Joo Hyun Park,Ja Pung Koo,Jung Hee Kim,Suk Hee Lee,Ok Kon Moon 국제물리치료학회 2014 Journal of International Academy of Physical Ther Vol.5 No.1
This study is a cross-sectional study for conscripts with chronic low back pain, where it is designed to investigate general characteristics that conscripts with chronic low back pain carry, and it is also aimed to analyze the correlation as well as discrepancy within pain, depression and body mass index depending on their ranks. In this study, 90 Korean conscripts with chronic low back pain participated. And in order to analyze general characteristics as well as pain, depression and body mass index of the subjects, this study adopted a survey questionnaire upon general characteristics, and it also employed Visual Analogue Scacle(VAS) and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression(CES-D) Scale which have proven their credibility, where BMI values for the subjects were calculated based on 'Asian Pacific standard' Body Mass Index(BMI). From the general characteristics exhibited by the subjects through this study, average age and average height of the subjects were 20.78±1.41 and 175.97±5.34 respectively; and corporals displayed the highest ratio of 42% with the chronic low back pain while 40% of the total subjects experienced the duration of the illness less than 6 to 9 months. Moreover, 57.8% of all subjects were reportedly suffering moderate pain, and 48% exhibited depression while 49% carried BMI value between 18.5 and 22.9kg/m2(normal range). Based on the analysis of correlation among pain, depression, discrepancy of BMI depending on the ranks and each independent variable, it appears that there is no significant difference amongst the ranks, and there is no correlation between independent variables; however, it was obvious that all groups divided by the ranks had a moderate pain(45-74mm), depression(≥16) and BMI value in normal range(18.5-22.9).
Koo, Tai Yeon,Lee, Jae-Ghi,Yan, Ji-Jing,Jang, Joon Young,Ju, Kyung Don,Han, Miyeun,Oh, Kook-Hwan,Ahn, Curie,Yang, Jaeseok Springer-Verlag 2017 Kidney international Vol.92 No.2
<P>Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binds to purinergic receptors and, as a danger molecule, promotes inflammatory responses. Here we tested whether periodate-oxidized ATP (oATP), a P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonist can attenuate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury and clarify the related cellular mechanisms. Treatment with oATP prior to ischemia-reperfusion injury decreased blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, the tubular injury score, and tubular epithelial cell apoptosis after injury. The infiltration of dendritic cells, neutrophils, macrophages, CD69(+) CD4(+), and CD44(+) CD4(+) T cells was attenuated, but renal Foxp3(+) CD4(+) Treg infiltration was increased by oATP. The levels of IL-6 and CCL2 were reduced in the oATP group. Additionally, oATP treatment following injury improved renal function, decreased the infiltration of innate and adaptive effector cells, and increased the renal infiltration of Foxp3(+) CD4(+) Tregs. Post-ischemiareperfusion injury oATP treatment increased tubular cell proliferation and reduced renal fibrosis. oATP treatment attenuated renal functional deterioration after ischemiareperfusion injury in RAG-1 knockout mice; however, Treg depletion using PC61 abrogated the beneficial effects of oATP in wild-type mice. Furthermore, oATP treatment after transfer of Tregs from wild-type mice improved the beneficial effects of Tregs on ischemia-reperfusion injury, but treatment after transfer of Tregs from P2X7R knockout mice did not. Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury was also attenuated in P2X7R knockout mice. Experiments using bone marrow chimeras established that P2X7R expression on hematopoietic cells rather than nonhematopoietic cells, such as tubular epithelial cells, plays a major role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thus, oATP attenuated acute renal damage and facilitated renal recovery in ischemia-reperfusion injury by expansion of Tregs.</P>
Koo, Hee-Sang,Kang, Sung-Don,Lee, Ju-Hwan,Kim, Nam-Ho,Chung, Hun-Taeg,Pae, Hyun-Ock The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2009 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.46 No.4
Objective : Triptolide (TP) has been reported to suppress the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), of which main function is to inactivate the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK-1/2), the p38 MAPK and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase-1/2 (JNK-1/2), and to exert antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities. However, the mechanisms underlying antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activities of TP are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the down-regulation of MKP-1 expression by TP would account for antiproliferative activity of TP in immortalized HT22 hippocampal cells. Methods : MKP-1 expression and MAPK phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blot. Cell proliferation was assessed by $^3H$-thymidine incorporation. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) against MKP-1, vanadate (a phosphatase inhibitor), U0126 (a specific inhibitor for ERK-1/2), SB203580 (a specific inhibitor for p38 MAPK), and SP600125 (a specific inhibitor for JNK-1/2) were employed to evaluate a possible mechanism of antiproliferative action of TP. Results : At its non-cytotoxic dose, TP suppressed MKP-1 expression, reduced cell growth, and induced persistent ERK-1/2 activation. Similar growth inhibition and ERK-1/2 activation were observed when MKP-1 expression was blocked by MKP-1 siRNA and its activity was inhibited by vanadate. The antiproliferative effects of TP, MKP-1 siRNA, and vanadate were significantly abolished by U0126, but not by SB203580 or SP600125. Conclusion : Our findings suggest that TP inhibits the growth of immortalized HT22 hippocampal cells via persistent ERK-1/2 activation by suppressing MKP-1 expression. Additionally, this study provides evidence supporting that MKP-1 may play an important role in regulation of neuronal cell growth.