Utilization of Sapwood Waste of Fast-Growing Teak in Activated Carbon Production and Its Adsorption Properties

Johanes Pramana Gentur SUTAPA,Ganis Lukmandaru,Sigit SUNARTA,Rini PUJIARTI,Denny Irawati,Rizki ARISANDI,Riska DWIYANNA,Robertus Danu PRIYAMBODO 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.3

The sapwood portion of fast-growing teak is mostly ignored due to its inferior quality. One of the possibilities for utilizing sapwood waste is to convert it into activated carbon that has good adsorption capabilities. The raw materials used in this research were sapwood of 14-year-old fast-growing teak sapwood (FTS) waste, which was taken from three trees from community forests in Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Region. FTS waste was taken from the bottom of the tree up to a height of 1.3 m. The activation process is conducted with an activation temperature of 750℃, 850℃, and 950℃. The heating duration consists of three variations: 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min. The quality evaluation parameters of activated carbon include yield, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, adsorption capacity of benzene, adsorption capacity of methylene blue, and adsorption capacity of iodine. The results showed that the activated carbon produced had the following quality parameters: yield of 75.61%; moisture content of 1.27%; volatile matter content of 9.98%; ash content of 5.43%; fixed carbon content of 84.58%; benzene absorption capacity of 8.58%; methylene blue absorption capacity of 87.73 mg/g; and iodine adsorption capacity of 948.19 mg/g. It can be concluded that activated carbon from FTS waste has good iodine adsorption, which fulfilled the SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standard. Due to the iodine adsorption ability of FTS waste activated carbon, the conversion of FTS waste to activated carbon is categorized as a potential method to increase the value of this material.

Utilization of Sapwood Waste of Fast-Growing Teak in Activated Carbon Production and Its Adsorption Properties

( Johanes Pramana Gentur Sutapa ),( Ganis Lukmandaru ),( Sigit Sunarta ),( Rini Pujiarti ),( Denny Irawati ),( Rizki Arisandi ),( Riska Dwiyanna ),( Robertus Danu Priyambodo ) 한국목재공학회 2024 목재공학 Vol.52 No.2

The sapwood portion of fast-growing teak is mostly ignored due to its inferior quality. One of the possibilities for utilizing sapwood waste is to convert it into activated carbon that has good adsorption capabilities. The raw materials used in this research were sapwood of 14-year-old fast-growing teak sapwood (FTS) waste, which was taken from three trees from community forests in Wonosari, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta Special Region. FTS waste was taken from the bottom of the tree up to a height of 1.3 m. The activation process is conducted with an activation temperature of 750℃, 850℃, and 950℃. The heating duration consists of three variations: 30 min, 60 min, and 90 min. The quality evaluation parameters of activated carbon include yield, moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon content, adsorption capacity of benzene, adsorption capacity of methylene blue, and adsorption capacity of iodine. The results showed that the activated carbon produced had the following quality parameters: yield of 75.61%; moisture content of 1.27%; volatile matter content of 9.98%; ash content of 5.43%; fixed carbon content of 84.58%; benzene absorption capacity of 8.58%; methylene blue absorption capacity of 87.73 mg/g; and iodine adsorption capacity of 948.19 mg/g. It can be concluded that activated carbon from FTS waste has good iodine adsorption, which fulfilled the SNI 06-3730-1995 quality standard. Due to the iodine adsorption ability of FTS waste activated carbon, the conversion of FTS waste to activated carbon is categorized as a potential method to increase the value of this material.

Underactive Bladder: Clinical Features, Urodynamic Parameters, and Treatment

Nathan Hoag,Johan Gani 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2015 International Neurourology Journal Vol.19 No.3

Purpose: Underactive bladder is a complex clinical condition that remains poorly understood due to limited literature. This study aimed to determine its prevalence among patients with voiding dysfunction, presenting symptoms, risk factors, urodynamic findings, and ongoing treatment. Methods: A retrospective chart review of consecutive urodynamic studies performed on voiding dysfunction between 2012 and 2014 was conducted to identify patients with detrusor underactivity. Detrusor underactivity was defined by a bladder contractility index of less than 100. Charts and urodynamic tracings were examined for patient demographics, suspected risk factors, presenting symptoms, urodynamic parameters, and treatment undertaken. Descriptive statistics were utilized to analyze the data. Results: The prevalence of detrusor underactivity in this study was 23% (79 of 343). Average age of the patients was 59.2 years (range, 19–90 years). Women represented 68.4% (54 of 79) of the patients. The most common reported symptoms were urinary urgency (63.3%), weak stream (61.0%), straining (57.0%), nocturia (48.1%), and urinary frequency (46.8%). Prior pelvic surgery and prior back surgery were noted in 40.5% and 19.0% of the patients, respectively. The most common management was intermittent self-catheterization in 54.4%, followed by observation/conservative treatment in 25.3% and sacral neuromodulation in 12.7%. Conclusions: Although underactive bladder is a common condition, its precise diagnosis and treatment remain a challenge. Its symptoms significantly overlap with those of other bladder disorders, and hence, urodynamic evaluation is particularly useful in identifying patients with impaired detrusor contractility. This will help prevent mismanagement of patients with surgery or medical therapy, as that may worsen their condition. Much work needs to be done to better understand this condition and establish optimal management of patients.

Vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture: A novel modification of surgical technique

Nathan Hoag,Johan Gani,Justin Chee 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.4

Purpose: To present a novel modification of surgical technique to treat female urethral stricture (FUS) by a vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal urethroplasty. Recurrent FUS represents an uncommon, though difficult clinical scenario to manage definitively. A variety of surgical techniques have been described to date, yet a lack of consensus on the optimal procedure persists. Materials and Methods: We present a 51-year-old female with urethral stricture involving the entire urethra. Suspected etiology was iatrogenic from cystoscopy 17 years prior. Since then, the patient had undergone at least 25 formal urethral dilations and periods of self-dilation. In lithotomy position, the urethra was dilated to accommodate forceps, and ventral urethrotomy carried out sharply, exposing a bed of periurethral tissue. Buccal mucosa was harvested, and a ventral inlay technique facilitated by a nasal speculum, was used to place the graft from the proximal urethra/bladder neck to urethral meatus without a vaginal incision. Graft was sutured into place, and urethral Foley catheter inserted. Results: The vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty was deemed successful as of last follow-up. Flexible cystoscopy demonstrated patency of the repair at 6 months. At 10 months of follow-up, the patient was voiding well, with no urinary incontinence. No further interventions have been required. Conclusions: This case describes a novel modification of surgical technique for performing buccal mucosal urethroplasty for FUS. By avoiding incision of the vaginal mucosa, benefits may include reduced: morbidity, urinary incontinence, and wound complications including urethro-vaginal fistula.

Intravesical OnabotulinumtoxinA Injection for Overactive Orthotopic Ileal Neobladder: Feasibility and Efficacy

Nathan Hoag,Vincent Tse,Audrey Wang,Eric Chung,Johan Gani 대한배뇨장애요실금학회 2016 International Neurourology Journal Vol.20 No.1

The efficacy of intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BTXA) in the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) has been well documented. The use of BTXA injection in orthotopic neobladders is yet to be studied. We present 4 cases of patients injected with intravesical BTXA for overactive orthotopic ileal neobladder. We recorded patient demographics, presenting and follow-up symptoms, urodynamic profiles, and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scores. The 4 patients reported varying degrees of subjective improvements in the symptoms, including urgency, urge incontinence, and pad usage. Mean followup duration was 8.3 months (range, 5–14 months). Average PGI-I score was 3 (“a little better”) (range, 2–4). To our knowledge, the current study is the first case series examining BTXA injection for orthotopic neobladder overactivity. BTXA injection yielded varying degrees of objective and subjective improvements, without significant complications. Intravesical BTXA injection is feasible and may be considered as a potential treatment alternative for OAB in orthotopic neobladders, although further study is warranted.